TREN MENOLAK VAKSIN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24269/ijhs.v6i2.4716Abstract
Vaksinasi memberikan efek pada sistem kekebalan tubuh serta melindungi tubuh dari berbagai penyakit yang dapat dihentikan dengan vaksin. Meski demikian masih terdapat masyarakat yang menolak adanya vaksinasi. Gerakan penolakan vaksin tersebut sudah lama terjadi baik di dalam maupun luar negeri. Â Studi literatur ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penolakan vaksin yang terjadi di negera berkembang dan negara maju. Artikel ini ditulis dengan menggunakan studi literatur pencarian database Google Schoolar dan Pubmed dari tahun 2016-2020 dengan sintaks kata kunci database dan diperoleh 28 temuan yang sesuai dengan topik. Hasil studi pustaka menunjukkan bahwa penyebab penolakan di negara berkembang lebih mengacu pada kepercayaan agama yang melarang penggunaan vaksin sedangkan di negara maju disebabkan ketidakpercayaan masyarakat terhadap instansi pemerintahan, otoritas kesehatan, dan industri farmasi yang diyakini mengambil keuntungan dengan adanya program vaksin serta mitos yang berkembang terkait efek samping vaksinasi yang menyebabkan autisme. Diperlukan adanya edukasi kesehatan dengan mempertimbangkan keyakinan, sehingga mampu mengubah keputusan masyarakat dalam melakukan vaksinasi, kerja sama pemerintah dan multisektor lainnya dalam kampanye vaksin serta adanya kebijakan yang tegas dari pemerintah dalam membantu terlaksananya pencapaian program vaksinasi.
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References
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[35] D. Miko, C. Costache, H. A. Colosi, V. Neculicioiu, and I. A. Colosi, “Qualitative assessment of vaccine hesitancy in Romania,†Med., vol. 55, no. 282, pp. 1–20, 2019, doi: 10.3390/medicina55060282.
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[2] I. G. W. Wisnuwardana, “Kebijakan Pemerintah Kolonial Dalam Penanganan Penyakit Cacar Di Jawa Abad XIX-XX,†J. Pendidik. dan Ilmu-Imu Sosisal, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 1–15, 2016.
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[4] Makarim F.R, “Kewajiban Imunisasi Dasar, Manfaat Dan Keamanan,†Reptek, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 11–20, 2010, [Online]. Available: https://riptek.semarangkota.go.id/index.php/riptek/article/view/30/31.
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[9] Permenkes 65 tahun, “Berita Negara,†2017.
[10] S. D. Rachmawati, W. Barlianto, and Ariani, Pedoman Praktis Imunisasi Pada Anak, 1st ed. Malang: UB Press, 2019.
[11] F. Ahsan, N. Y. Rahmawati, and F. N. Alditia, Lawan Virus Corona Studi Nutrisi Untuk Kekebalan Tubuh. Surabaya: Airlangga University Press, 2020.
[12] Kementerian Kesehatan RI, “Buletin Surveilans PD3I dan Imunisasi,†2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/searo/indonesia/sit-rep/buletin-surveilans-pd3i-dan-imunisasi-edisi-2-2020.pdf?sfvrsn=2a76da54_2.
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[14] Mursinah, N. Susanti, and Herna, “Prosiding Seminar Nasional Sains Penolakan Vaksin di Beberapa Negara Asia dan Ancaman Penyakit,†vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 128–134, 2020.
[15] T. C. Smith, “Vaccine rejection and hesitancy: A review and call to action,†Open Forum Infect. Dis., vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 1–7, 2017, doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofx146.
[16] W. Yulianti and R. F. Boer, “Manajemen krisis public relations dalam menangani penolakan imunisasi measles rubella,†Profesi Humas J. Ilm. Ilmu Hub. Masy., vol. 4, no. 2, p. 290, 2020, doi: 10.24198/prh.v4i2.23700.
[17] A. K. Pontoh, F. M. Soeharno, M. A. Risiad, M. Magister, I. Komunikasi, and U. Indonesia, “Efek Bumerang Negatif Pesan Persuasif Kampanye Vaksin Measles - Rubella ’’ Oleh Kementerian,†vol. 01, no. 07, pp. 25–34, 2020.
[18] I. Dwilestari and Rakhmat, “Analisa Minat Orang Tua Dalam Pemberian Vaksin MR Setelah Putusan MUI (Studi di Kecamatan Metro Pusat Tahun 2018),†At-Tahdzib J. Stud. Islam Dan Muamalah, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 70–82, 2019, [Online]. Available: https://www.uam.es/gruposinv/meva/publicaciones jesus/capitulos_espanyol_jesus/2005_motivacion para el aprendizaje Perspectiva alumnos.pdf%0Ahttps://www.researchgate.net/profile/Juan_Aparicio7/publication/253571379_Los_estudios_sobre_el_cambio_conceptual_.
[19] Taswi, W. A. Azis, Wahyuddin, Dahmar, Erni, and N. Meilani, “Pengetahuan, sikap, dan dukungan keluarga dengan minat imunisasi measles rubella di kelurahan bukit wolio indah kota Baubau,†vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 37 – 44, 2020.
[20] A. Yufika et al., “Parents’ hesitancy towards vaccination in Indonesia: A cross-sectional study in Indonesia,†Vaccine, vol. 38, no. 11, pp. 2592–2599, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.01.072.
[21] M. H. Hudhah and A. C. Hidajah, “Perilaku Ibu Dalam Imunisasi Dasar Lengkap Di Puskesmas Gayam Kabupaten Sumenep,†J. PROMKES, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 167–180, 2017, doi: 10.20473/jpk.v5.i2.2017.167-180.
[22] P. Sulistiyani, Z. Shaluhiyah, and K. Cahyo, “Gambaran Penolakan Masyarakat Terhadap Imunisasi Dasar Lengkap Bagi Balita (Studi Di Kelurahan Sendangmulyo, Kecamatan Tembalang, Kota Semarang),†J. Kesehat. Masy., vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 1081–1091, 2017.
[23] H. Rivani, Y. B. H. S, Darodjat, and T. Kusumawinakhyu, “Hubungan Keyakinan Agama Islam Terhadap Penerimaan Vaksin Measles Rubella Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kembaran I Banyumas,†J. Pemikir. Islam, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 37–51, 2019.
[24] T. F. A. T. M. Fauzi, N. F. M. Razif, and M. A. Ramli, “Polemics between Acceptance and Rejection of Children ’ s Vaccination: An Analysis from Islamic Perspective,†Shariah J., vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 201–230, 2018.
[25] M. N. Alias, N. A. R. N. A. Ghani, M. A. Samsudin, and M. S. Kamis, “Penghasilan Vaksin Yang Mengandungi Unsur Najis Menurut Perspektif Maqasid Syariah Composition of Vaccine Production from Elements,†IslÄmiyyÄt, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 39–47, 2017, doi: https://doi.org/10.17576/islamiyyat-2020-4201-05.
[26] N. A. Ahmad, R. Jahis, L. K. Kuay, R. Jamaluddin, and T. Aris, “Primary Immunization among Children in Malaysia: Reasons for Incomplete Vaccination,†J. Vaccines Vaccin., vol. 08, no. 03, pp. 1–8, 2017, doi: 10.4172/2157-7560.1000358.
[27] V. Yasinta, “5 Anak di Malaysia Positif Difteri, Ihwal Orangtua Tolak Vaksinasi Jadi Sorotan,†Kompas, 2019. https://internasional.kompas.com/read/2019/02/25/16265531/5-anak-di-malaysia-positif-difteri-ihwal-orangtua-tolak-vaksinasi-jadi?page=all (accessed Oct. 19, 2020).
[28] A. F. Musa, T. Soni, X. P. Cheong, and R. Bin Nordin, “Vaccine hesitancy among parents in Kuala Lumpur: a single center study,†F1000Research, vol. 8, no. 1653, pp. 1–25, 2019, doi: 10.12688/f1000research.20079.1.
[29] L. P. Wong, P. F. Wong, and S. AbuBakar, “Vaccine hesitancy and the resurgence of vaccine preventable diseases: the way forward for Malaysia, a Southeast Asian country,†Hum. Vaccines Immunother., vol. 16, no. 7, pp. 1511–1520, 2020, doi: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1706935.
[30] M. Grandahl, S. C. Paek, S. Grisurapong, P. Sherer, T. Tydén, and P. Lundberg, “Parents’ knowledge, beliefs, and acceptance of the HPV vaccination in relation to their socio-demographics and religious beliefs: A cross-sectional study in Thailand,†PLoS One, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 1–17, 2018, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193054.
[31] D. Santhanes, C. P. Wong, Y. Y. Yap, S. P. San, N. Chaiyakunapruk, and T. M. Khan, “Factors involved in human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine hesitancy among women in the South-East Asian Region (SEAR) and Western Pacific Region (WPR): A scoping review,†Hum. Vaccines Immunother., vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 124–133, 2018, doi: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1381811.
[32] S. Gonwong, T. Chuenchitra, P. Khantapura, D. Islam, and C. J. Mason, “Measles susceptibility in young Thai men suggests need for young adult measles vaccination: A cross sectional study,†BMC Public Health, vol. 16, no. 308, pp. 1–6, 2016, doi: 10.1186/s12889-016-2987-z.
[33] E. Karafillakis et al., “HPV vaccination in a context of public mistrust and uncertainty: a systematic literature review of determinants of HPV vaccine hesitancy in Europe,†Hum. Vaccines Immunother., vol. 15, no. 7–8, pp. 1615–1627, 2019, doi: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1564436.
[34] M. Hortal and J. L. Di Fabio, “Rechazo y gestión en vacunaciones: sus claroscuros,†Rev. Panam. Salud Pública, vol. 43, no. e54, pp. 1–5, 2019, doi: 10.26633/rpsp.2019.54.
[35] D. Miko, C. Costache, H. A. Colosi, V. Neculicioiu, and I. A. Colosi, “Qualitative assessment of vaccine hesitancy in Romania,†Med., vol. 55, no. 282, pp. 1–20, 2019, doi: 10.3390/medicina55060282.
[36] C. Fokoun, “Strategies implemented to address vaccine hesitancy in France: A review article,†Hum. Vaccines Immunother., vol. 14, no. 7, pp. 1580–1590, 2018, doi: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1458807.
[37] M. Davidson, “Vaccination as a cause of autism—myths and controversies,†Br. Rep., vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 403–407, 2017, doi: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1966.tb00246.x.
[38] R. C. de M. Succi, “Vaccine refusal – what we need to know,†J. Pediatr. (Rio. J)., vol. 94, no. 6, pp. 574–581, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.jped.2018.01.008.
[39] V. K. Phadke, R. A. Bednarczyk, D. A. Salmon, and S. B. Omer, “Association Between Vaccine Refusal and Vaccine-Preventable Diseases in the United States: A Review of Measles and Pertussis,†HHS Public Access, vol. 315, no. 11, pp. 1149–1158, 2016, doi: 10.4324/9781315777054.
[40] A. P. S. Sato, “What is the importance of vaccine hesitancy in the drop of vaccination coverage in Brazil?,†Rev. Saude Publica, vol. 52, no. 96, pp. 52–96, 2018, doi: 10.11606/S1518-8787.2018052001199.
[41] A. Grzybowski, R. K. Patryn, J. Sak, and A. Zagaja, “Vaccination refusal. Autonomy and permitted coercion,†Pathog. Glob. Health, vol. 111, no. 4, pp. 200–205, 2017, doi: 10.1080/20477724.2017.1322261.
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