Impact of the Covid 19 Pandemic on the Quality of Good Local Government Governance in Indonesia

Khairudin Khairudin(1*)
(*) Corresponding Author

DOI: 10.24269/ekuilibrium.v20i1.2025.pp113-142


Abstract


The aim of this research is to assess the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the quality of good local government governance. This study involved all provincial governments in Indonesia with observation years 2019 and 2020. The assessment of the quality of good regional governance was measured using the Principal Component Analysis method. The test was carried out by comparing the value of the good regional governance index in the year before the Covid-19 outbreak with the value of the good regional governance index in the year of the Covid-19 outbreak. The findings showed that the governance index of all provincial governments in 2020 decreased by an average of 0.68 points or 10.82% so that the Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia has reduced the quality of regional governance. Therefore, all stakeholders need to be more serious in building the principles of good governance from planning to control to maintain quality, even in crisis situations.

Keywords


Covid 19 Pandemic; Good Local Government Governance

Full Text:

References


  1. Abbas, A., & Dompak, T. (2020). Dampak Demokrasi terhadap Kesejahteraan (Studi Kasus di Indonesia). Dialektika Publik : Jurnal Administrasi Negara Universitas Putera Batam, 5(1), 43–49. https://doi.org/10.33884/dialektikapublik.v5i1.2417
  2. Abumalloh, R. A., Asadi, S., Nilashi, M., Minaei-Bidgoli, B., Nayer, F. K., Samad, S., Mohd, S., & Ibrahim, O. (2021). The impact of coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) on education: The role of virtual and remote laboratories in education. Technology in Society, 67, 101728. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2021.101728
  3. Achim, M.-V., Borlea, S.-N., & Mare, C. (2015). Corporate Governance and Business Performance: Evidence for the Romanian Economy. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 17(3), 458–474. https://doi.org/10.3846/16111699.2013.834841
  4. Açikgöz, Ö., & Günay, A. (2020). The early impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the global and Turkish economy. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, 50(SI-1), 520–526. https://doi.org/10.3906/sag-2004-6
  5. Akhmaddhian, S. (2016). Penegakan hukum lingkungan dan pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia (Studi Kebakaran Hutan Tahun 2015). UNIFIKASI : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 3(1), 1–35. https://doi.org/10.25134/unifikasi.v3i1.404
  6. Alam, M. M., Fawzi, A. M., Islam, M. M., & Said, J. (2022). Impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on national security issues: Indonesia as a case study. Security Journal, 35(4), 1067–1086. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41284-021-00314-1
  7. Alhammadi, S. (2021). The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Learning Quality and Practices in Higher Education—Using Deep and Surface Approaches. Education Sciences, 11(9), 462. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11090462
  8. Almeida, M., Shrestha, A. D., Stojanac, D., & Miller, L. J. (2020). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on women’s mental health. Archives of Women’s Mental Health, 23(6), 741–748. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-020-01092-2
  9. Alsamhi, M. H., Al-Ofairi, F. A., Farhan, N. H. S., Al-ahdal, W. M., & Siddiqui, A. (2022). Impact of Covid-19 on firms’ performance: Empirical evidence from India. Cogent Business & Management, 9(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2022.2044593
  10. Aminah, Lindrianasari, & Rosmiati. (2016). Good government governance and opinions of the audit board of Republik Indonesia. International Journal Monetary Economics and Finance, 9(2), 198–211.
  11. Anas, M. (2021). Impact of Pandemic COVID-19 on Local Government’s Financial Performance in Indonesia. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 56(3), 196–206. https://doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.56.3.16
  12. Andhika, L. R. (2017). Evolusi konsep tata kelola pemerintah: Sound governance, dynamic governance dan open government. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Kebijakan Publik, 8(2), 87–102. https://doi.org/10.22212/jekp.v8i2.867
  13. Anyanwu, O. A., Naumova, E. N., Chomitz, V. R., Zhang, F. F., Chui, K., Kartasurya, M. I., & Folta, S. C. (2022). The Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Nutrition, Health and Environment in Indonesia: A Qualitative Investigation of Perspectives from Multi-Disciplinary Experts. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(18), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811575
  14. Atmojo, M. E., & Fridayani, H. D. (2021). An Assessment of Covid-19 Pandemic Impact on Indonesian Tourism Sector. Journal of Governance and Public Policy, 8(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.18196/jgpp.811338
  15. Ayuningtyas, D., Islam, H., Hasibuan, S. U., Margaretha, C., Naziihah, N., Fitrianingrum, N. M., Larasati, A., & Ayuni, Q. (2022). Implementation of social assistance in the era of the Covid-19 Pandemic: Evaluation of transparency and accountability aspects. Integritas: Jurnal Antikorupsi, 8(1), 51–62.
  16. Banerjee, D. (2020). The impact of Covid‐19 pandemic on elderly mental health. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 35(12), 1466–1467. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.5320
  17. Bauhr, M., & Carlitz, R. (2021). When does transparency improve public services? Street‐level discretion, information, and targeting. Public Administration, 99(3), 500–516. https://doi.org/10.1111/padm.12693
  18. Bayar, Y. (2016). Public Governance and Economic Growth in the Transitional Economies of the European Union. Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences, 12(48), 5–18.
  19. Belbağ, A., G. (2022). Impacts of Covid‐19 pandemic on consumer behavior in Turkey: A qualitative study. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 56(1), 339–358. https://doi.org/10.1111/joca.12423
  20. Belitski, M., Guenther, C., Kritikos, A. S., & Thurik, R. (2022). Economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on entrepreneurship and small businesses. Small Business Economics, 58(2), 593–609. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-021-00544-y
  21. Bell, B., Costa, R., & Machin, S. (2022). Why Does Education Reduce Crime? Journal of Political Economy, 130(3), 732–765. https://doi.org/10.1086/717895
  22. Beshi, T. D., & Kaur, R. (2020). Public Trust in Local Government: Explaining the Role of Good Governance Practices. Public Organization Review, 20(2), 337–350. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11115-019-00444-6
  23. Biro, F. P., Erdey, L., Gall, J., & Markus, A. (2019). The effect of governance on foreign direct investment in Latin America — Issues of Model Selection. Global Economy Journal, 19(01), 1950006. https://doi.org/10.1142/S2194565919500064
  24. Bloom, N., Bunn, P., Mizen, P., Smietanka, P., & Thwaites, G. (2023). The Impact of COVID-19 on Productivity. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 1–45. https://doi.org/10.1162/rest_a_01298
  25. Boumlik, Z., Oulhadj, B., & Colot, O. (2023). The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Corporate Dividend Policy of Moroccan Listed Firms. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 16(8), 350. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16080350
  26. Bukari, C., Aning-Agyei, M. A., Kyeremeh, C., Essilfie, G., Amuquandoh, K. F., Owusu, A. A., Otoo, I. C., & Bukari, K. I. (2022). Effect of COVID-19 on Household Food Insecurity and Poverty: Evidence from Ghana. Social Indicators Research, 159(3), 991–1015. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-021-02766-9
  27. Burns, R. (2020). A COVID-19 panacea in digital technologies? Challenges for democracy and higher education. Dialogues in Human Geography, 10(2), 246–249. https://doi.org/10.1177/2043820620930832
  28. Campante, F., Depetris-Chauvin, E., & Durante, R. (2024). The Virus of Fear: The Political Impact of Ebola in the United States. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 16(1), 480–509. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20220030
  29. Caraka, R. E., Lee, Y., Kurniawan, R., Herliansyah, R., Kaban, P. A., Nasution, B. I., Gio, P. U., Chen, R. C., Toharudin, T., & Pardamean, B. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 large scale restriction on environment and economy in Indonesia. Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management, 6(Special Issue Covid-19), 65–84. https://doi.org/10.22034/GJESM.2019.06.SI.07
  30. Carracedo, P., Puertas, R., & Marti, L. (2021). Research lines on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on business. A text mining analysis. Journal of Business Research, 132, 586–593. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.11.043
  31. Čehulić, M. (2021). Perspectives of Legal Culture: A Systematic Literature Review. Revija Za Sociologiju, 51(2), 257–282.
  32. Cejnek, G., Randl, O., & Zechner, J. (2021). The COVID-19 Pandemic and Corporate Dividend Policy. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 56(7), 2389–2410. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022109021000533
  33. Chakraborty, I., & Maity, P. (2020). COVID-19 outbreak: Migration, effects on society, global environment and prevention. Science of The Total Environment, 728, 138882. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138882
  34. Chatjuthamard, P., Jindahra, P., Sarajoti, P., & Treepongkaruna, S. (2021). The effect of COVID‐19 on the global stock market. Accounting & Finance, 61(3), 4923–4953. https://doi.org/10.1111/acfi.12838
  35. Cheval, S., Mihai Adamescu, C., Georgiadis, T., Herrnegger, M., Piticar, A., & Legates, D. R. (2020). Observed and Potential Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Environment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(11), 4140. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114140
  36. Chick, R. C., Clifton, G. T., Peace, K. M., Propper, B. W., Hale, D. F., Alseidi, A. A., & Vreeland, T. J. (2020). Using Technology to Maintain the Education of Residents During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Surgical Education, 77(4), 729–732. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsurg.2020.03.018
  37. Christensen, T., & Ma, L. (2021). Comparing SARS and COVID-19: Challenges of Governance Capacity and Legitimacy. Public Organization Review, 21(4), 629–645. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11115-021-00510-y
  38. Cifuentes-Faura, J. (2022). Transparency in Spanish Government in Times of Covid-19. Public Integrity, 24(7), 644–653. https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2021.1958562
  39. D’Agostino, G., Dunne, J. P., & Pieroni, L. (2016). Government Spending, Corruption and Economic Growth. World Development, 84(3), 190–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.03.011
  40. Das, D., & Zhang, J. J. (2021). Pandemic in a smart city: Singapore’s COVID-19 management through technology & society. Urban Geography, 42(3), 408–416. https://doi.org/10.1080/02723638.2020.1807168
  41. Decerf, B., Ferreira, F. H. G., Mahler, D. G., & Sterck, O. (2021). Lives and livelihoods: Estimates of the global mortality and poverty effects of the Covid-19 pandemic. World Development, 146, 105561. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105561
  42. Demirag, I., Fırtın, C. E., & Tekin Bilbil, E. (2020). Managing expectations with emotional accountability: making City Hospitals accountable during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey. Journal of Public Budgeting, Accounting & Financial Management, 32(5), 889–901. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPBAFM-07-2020-0097
  43. Dewi, N. I., & Melati, F. C. (2021). The Impact on Economic and Environmental Development of COVID-19 Pandemic: a Case Study in Indonesia. Ekuilibrium : Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Ilmu Ekonomi, 16(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.24269/ekuilibrium.v16i1.2021.pp1-11
  44. Dilla, S., Sari, L. K., & Achsani, N. A. (2020). Estimating the Effect of the Covid-19 Outbreak Events on the Indonesia Sectoral Stock Return. Jurnal Aplikasi Bisnis Dan Manajemen, 6(3), 662–662. https://doi.org/10.17358/jabm.6.3.662
  45. Djalante, R., Lassa, J., Setiamarga, D., Sudjatma, A., Indrawan, M., Haryanto, B., Mahfud, C., Sinapoy, M. S., Djalante, S., Rafliana, I., Gunawan, L. A., Surtiari, G. A. K., & Warsilah, H. (2020). Review and analysis of current responses to COVID-19 in Indonesia: Period of January to March 2020. Progress in Disaster Science, 6, 100091. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdisas.2020.100091
  46. Dong, Y., Mo, X., Hu, Y., Qi, X., Jiang, F., Jiang, Z., & Tong, S. (2020). Epidemiology of COVID-19 among children in China. Pediatrics, 145(6), e20200702. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2020-0702
  47. Donthu, N., & Gustafsson, A. (2020). Effects of COVID-19 on business and research. Journal of Business Research, 117, 284–289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.06.008
  48. Drebee, H. A., Razak, N. A. A., & Shaybth, R. T. (2020). The Impact of Governance Indicators on Corruption in Arab Countries. Contemporary Economics, 12(3), 354–365.
  49. Dura, J. (2018). Pengaruh akuntabilitas pengelolaan keuangan alokasi dana desa, kebijakan desa, dan kelembagaan desa terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat. Jurnal Ilmiah Bisnis Dan Ekonomi Asia, 10(2), 26–32. https://doi.org/10.32812/jibeka.v10i2.70
  50. Dwinantoaji, H., & Sumarni, D. (2020). Human security, social stigma, and global health: the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Journal of Thee Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran), 52(3), 158–164. https://doi.org/10.19106/JMedSciSI005203202014
  51. Eger, L., Komárková, L., Egerová, D., & Mičík, M. (2021). The effect of COVID-19 on consumer shopping behaviour: Generational cohort perspective. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 61, 102542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2021.102542
  52. El Zowalaty, M. E., Young, S. G., & Järhult, J. D. (2020). Environmental impact of the COVID-19 pandemic – a lesson for the future. Infection Ecology & Epidemiology, 10(1), 1768023. https://doi.org/10.1080/20008686.2020.1768023
  53. Elbadry, A., Gounopoulos, D., & Skinner, F. (2015). Governance Quality and Information Asymmetry. Financial Markets, Institutions & Instruments, 24(2–3), 127–157. https://doi.org/10.1111/fmii.12026
  54. Epstein, G. S., & Gang, I. N. (2019). Inequality, good governance, and endemic corruption. International Tax and Public Finance, 26(5), 999–1017. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10797-019-09542-z
  55. Eroğlu, H. (2021). Effects of Covid-19 outbreak on environment and renewable energy sector. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 23(4), 4782–4790. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-020-00837-4
  56. Estrada, M. A. R., Koutronas, E., & Lee, M. (2021). Stagpression: The Economic and Financial Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Contemporary Economics, 15(1), 19–33.
  57. Farooq, R., & Sultana, A. (2022). The potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on work from home and employee productivity. Measuring Business Excellence, 26(3), 308–325. https://doi.org/10.1108/MBE-12-2020-0173
  58. Fernandez-Perez, A., Gilbert, A., Indriawan, I., & Nguyen, N. H. (2021). COVID-19 pandemic and stock market response: A culture effect. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 29, 100454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbef.2020.100454
  59. Ferry, L., Midgley, H., & Green, S. (2024). Accountability, emergency and liberty during COVID-19 in the UK 2020–22. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 37(1), 176–198. https://doi.org/10.1108/AAAJ-07-2022-5931
  60. Filho, W., Salvia, A. L., Frankenberger, F., Akib, N. A. M., Sen, S. K., Sivapalan, S., Novo-Corti, I., Venkatesan, M., & Emblen-Perry, K. (2021). Governance and sustainable development at higher education institutions. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 23(4), 6002–6020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-020-00859-y
  61. Fiorillo, A., & Gorwood, P. (2020). The consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and implications for clinical practice. European Psychiatry, 63(1), e32. https://doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2020.35
  62. Foo, L.-P., Chin, M.-Y., Tan, K.-L., & Phuah, K.-T. (2021). The impact of COVID-19 on tourism industry in Malaysia. Current Issues in Tourism, 24(19), 2735–2739. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2020.1777951
  63. Fraj, S. H., Hamdaoui, M., & Maktouf, S. (2018). Governance and economic growth: The role of the exchange rate regime. International Economics, 156, 326–364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inteco.2018.05.003
  64. Friedman, J., & Akre, S. (2021). COVID-19 and the Drug Overdose Crisis: Uncovering the Deadliest Months in the United States, January‒July 2020. American Journal of Public Health, 111(7), 1284–1291. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306256
  65. Gerged, A., & Elheddad, M. (2020). How can national governance affect education quality in Western Europe? International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 21(3), 413–426. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSHE-10-2019-0314
  66. Gerring, J., Knutsen, C. H., & Berge, J. (2022). Does Democracy Matter? Annual Review of Political Science, 25(1), 357–375. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-060820-060910
  67. Glober, N., Mohler, G., Huynh, P., Arkins, T., O’Donnell, D., Carter, J., & Ray, B. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Drug Overdoses in Indianapolis. Journal of Urban Health, 97(6), 802–807. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-020-00484-0
  68. Goswami, B., Mandal, R., & Nath, H. K. (2021). Covid-19 pandemic and economic performances of the states in India. Economic Analysis and Policy, 69, 461–479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2021.01.001
  69. Gründler, K., & Krieger, T. (2016). Democracy and growth: Evidence from a machine learning indicator. European Journal of Political Economy, 45, 85–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2016.05.005
  70. Gründler, K., & Potrafke, N. (2019). Corruption and economic growth: New empirical evidence. European Journal of Political Economy, 60(4), 101–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2019.08.001
  71. Guan, L., Prieur, C., Zhang, L., Prieur, C., Georges, D., & Bellemain, P. (2020). Transport effect of COVID-19 pandemic in France. Annual Reviews in Control, 50, 394–408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcontrol.2020.09.009
  72. Güney, T. (2017). Governance and sustainable development: How effective is governance? The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, 26(3), 316–335. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638199.2016.1249391
  73. Gupta, N., Tomar, A., & Kumar, V. (2020). The effect of COVID-19 lockdown on the air environment in India. Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management, 6(CoViD-19), 31–40. https://doi.org/10.22034/GJESM.2019.06.SI.04
  74. Habibullah, M. S., H.Din, B., & Abdul Hamid, B. (2016). Good governance and crime rates in Malaysia. International Journal of Social Economics, 43(3), 308–320. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSE-05-2014-0096
  75. Hanage, W. P., Testa, C., Chen, J. T., Davis, L., Pechter, E., Seminario, P., Santillana, M., & Krieger, N. (2020). COVID-19: US federal accountability for entry, spread, and inequities—lessons for the future. European Journal of Epidemiology, 35(11), 995–1006. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-020-00689-2
  76. Handayani, E., Garad, A., Suyadi, A., & Tubastuvi, N. (2023). Increasing the performance of village services with good governance and participation. World Development Sustainability, 3, 100089. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wds.2023.100089
  77. Hasthoro, H. A., & Sunardi, S. (2016). Tata Kelola Publik dan Kinerja Keuangan Pemerintah Daerah di Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 18(1), 53–68. https://doi.org/10.24914/jeb.v19i1.480
  78. He, H., & Harris, L. (2020). The impact of Covid-19 pandemic on corporate social responsibility and marketing philosophy. Journal of Business Research, 116, 176–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.05.030
  79. Helliwell, J. F., Huang, H., Grover, S., & Wang, S. (2018). Empirical linkages between good governance and national well-being. Journal of Comparative Economics, 46(4), 1332–1346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2018.01.004
  80. Hermansyah, I., Rahman, R., & Suherman, M. (2018). Pengaruh akuntabilitas dan transparansi terhadap kualitas pelayanan publik (Survei pada Dinas Daerah Kota Tasikmalaya). Jurnal Akuntansi, 13(1), 21–29.
  81. Hesham, F., Riadh, H., & Sihem, N. K. (2021). What have we learned about the effects of the covid-19 pandemic on consumer behavior? Sustainability, 13(8), 4304. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13084304
  82. Holzhacker, R. L., Wittek, R., & Woltjer, J. (2016). Decentralization and Governance for Sustainable Society in Indonesia. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22434-3_1
  83. Hu, S., & Zhang, Y. (2021). COVID-19 pandemic and firm performance: Cross-country evidence. International Review of Economics & Finance, 74, 365–372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2021.03.016
  84. Huang, C.-J., & Ho, Y.-H. (2017). Governance and economic growth in Asia. The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, 39, 260–272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.najef.2016.10.010
  85. Hutahayan, B. (2021). Law enforcement in the application of large-scale social restriction policy in Jakarta during pandemic COVID-19. International Journal of Public Law and Policy, 7(1), 29. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPLAP.2021.115004
  86. Ihsan, Y. N., Purba, N. P., Faizal, I., Anya, A., Mulyani, P. G., & Anwar, S. K. (2022). Impact of the Pandemic COVID-19 to the Indonesia Seas. Geo Journal of Tourism and Geosites, 40(1), 30–36.
  87. Inekwe, M., Hashim, F., & Yahya, S. B. (2021). CSR in developing countries – the importance of good governance and economic growth: evidence from Africa. Social Responsibility Journal, 17(2), 226–242. https://doi.org/10.1108/SRJ-10-2019-0336
  88. Jaipuria, S., Parida, R., & Ray, P. (2021). The impact of COVID-19 on tourism sector in India. Tourism Recreation Research, 46(2), 245–260. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2020.1846971
  89. Jameel, A., Asif, M., & Hussain, A. (2019). Good governance and public trust: Assessing the mediating effect of e-government in Pakistan. Lex Localis - Journal of Local Self-Government, 17(2), 299–320. https://doi.org/10.4335/17.2.299-320(2019)
  90. Jatmiko, B. (2020). Pengaruh Pengawasan Internal, Akuntabilitas Dan Transparansi Terhadap Kinerja Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Sleman (Survei Pada Seluruh Satuan Kerja Perangkat Daerah Kabupaten Sleman). Jurnal Akuntansi Trisakti, 7(2), 231. https://doi.org/10.25105/jat.v7i2.7446
  91. Jawardi, J. (2016). Strategi pengembangan budaya hukum (Strategy of Law Culture Development). Jurnal Penelitian Hukum De Jure, 16(1), 77. https://doi.org/10.30641/dejure.2016.v16.77-93
  92. Jindra, C., & Vaz, A. (2019). Good governance and multidimensional poverty: A comparative analysis of 71 countries. Governance, 32(4), 657–675. https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.12394
  93. Jung, J., Horta, H., & Postiglione, G. A. (2021). Living in uncertainty: the COVID-19 pandemic and higher education in Hong Kong. Studies in Higher Education, 46(1), 107–120. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2020.1859685
  94. Kang, J., Jang, Y. Y., Kim, J., Han, S.-H., Lee, K. R., Kim, M., & Eom, J. S. (2020). South Korea’s responses to stop the COVID-19 pandemic. American Journal of Infection Control, 48(9), 1080–1086. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2020.06.003
  95. Kaufmann, D., & Kraay, A. (2020). Worldwide governance indicators. Word Bank. https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi
  96. Khan, A., Khan, N., & Shafiq, M. (2021). The Economic Impact of COVID-19 from a Global Perspective. Contemporary Economics, 15(1), 64–75.
  97. Khan, I., Shah, D., & Shah, S. S. (2021). COVID-19 pandemic and its positive impacts on environment: an updated review. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 18(2), 521–530. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-020-03021-3
  98. KNKG. (2010). Good Public Governance Indonesia. Komite Nasional Kebijakan Governance. www.knkg-indonesia.org
  99. Kostić, J., & Bošković, M. M. (2020). How COVID-19 Pandemic Influences Rule of Law Backsliding in Europe. Regional Law Review, 77–90. https://doi.org/10.18485/iup_rlr.2020.ch6
  100. Krieger, K., Mauck, N., & Pruitt, S. W. (2021). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on dividends. Finance Research Letters, 42, 101910. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2020.101910
  101. Kriesi, H. (2018). The implications of the euro crisis for democracy. Journal of European Public Policy, 25(1), 59–82. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2017.1310277
  102. Li, Y., Zhuang, X., Wang, J., & Dong, Z. (2021). Analysis of the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on G20 stock markets. The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, 58, 101530. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.najef.2021.101530
  103. Liang, L., Ren, H., Cao, R., Hu, Y., Qin, Z., Li, C., & Mei, S. (2020). The effect of COVID-19 on youth mental health. Psychiatric Quarterly, 91(3), 841–852. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11126-020-09744-3
  104. Liotti, G., Musella, M., & D’isanto, F. (2018). Does democracy improve human development? Evidence from former socialist countries. Eastern Journal of European Studies, 9(2), 69–88.
  105. Liu, H., Manzoor, A., Wang, C., Zhang, L., & Manzoor, Z. (2020). The COVID-19 Outbreak and Affected Countries Stock Markets Response. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(8), 2800. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082800
  106. Lum, C., Maupin, C., & Stoltz, M. (2023). The Supply and Demand Shifts in Policing at the Start of the Pandemic: A National Multi-Wave Survey of the Impacts of COVID-19 on American Law Enforcement. Police Quarterly, 26(4), 495–519. https://doi.org/10.1177/10986111221148217
  107. Luo, J., Bello, D., & Pagsuyoin, S. (2023). Long-term wastewater-based surveillance and impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on drug use trends in a U.S. Northeast rural town. Science of The Total Environment, 877, 162806. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162806
  108. Luo, R., Liu, C., Gao, J., Wang, T., Zhi, H., Shi, P., & Huang, J. (2020). Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on rural poverty and policy responses in China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 19(12), 2946–2964. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63426-8
  109. Makmur, S. (2015). Budaya hukum dalam masyarakat multikultural. SALAM: Jurnal Sosial Dan Budaya Syar-I, 2(2), 383–410. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjsbs.v2i2.2387
  110. Malahayati, M., Masui, T., & Anggraeni, L. (2021). An assessment of the short-term impact of COVID-19 on economics and the environment: A case study of Indonesia. EconomiA, 22(3), 291–313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econ.2021.12.003
  111. Malisetty, S., & Kumar, K. V. (2016). An Investigation on relationship of deviance workplace behavior with organisational justice, abusive supervision and work-family conflict. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 9(39). https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2016/v9i39/100449
  112. Mardiasmo. (2018). Akuntansi Sektor Publik. Andi. https://library.unismuh.ac.id/opac/detail-opac?id=102916
  113. Matasik, A. L., & Damayanti, T. W. (2019). Pengampunan pajak berulang dan kepastian hukum dalam kepatuhan pajak di Indonesia: Sebuah Quasi Eksperimen. Assets: Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Pendidikan, 8(2), 126. https://doi.org/10.25273/jap.v8i2.4189
  114. Meirun, T., Lockey, S., Blenkinsopp, J., Yueyong, H., & Ling, L. (2022). The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Corporate Social Responsibility and Job Embeddedness in China. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 848902. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.848902
  115. Menhat, M., Mohd Zaideen, I. M., Yusuf, Y., Salleh, N. H. M., Zamri, M. A., & Jeevan, J. (2021). The impact of Covid-19 pandemic: A review on maritime sectors in Malaysia. Ocean & Coastal Management, 209, 105638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2021.105638
  116. Mira, R., & Hammadache, A. (2017). Good Governance and Economic Growth: A Contribution to the Institutional Debate about State Failure in Middle East and North Africa. Asian Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies, 11(3), 107–120. https://doi.org/10.1080/25765949.2017.12023313
  117. Mizrahi, S., Vigoda‐Gadot, E., & Cohen, N. (2021). How Well Do They Manage a Crisis? The Government’s Effectiveness During the COVID‐19 Pandemic. Public Administration Review, 81(6), 1120–1130. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13370
  118. Mogaji, E. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 on transportation in Lagos, Nigeria. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 6, 100154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2020.100154
  119. Mombeuil, C., & Diunugala, H. P. (2021). UN sustainable development goals, good governance, and corruption: The paradox of the world’s poorest economies. Business and Society Review, 126(3), 311–338. https://doi.org/10.1111/basr.12241
  120. Morlino, L., & Quaranta, M. (2016). What is the impact of the economic crisis on democracy? Evidence from Europe. International Political Science Review, 37(5), 618–633. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512116639747
  121. Mostafa, M. K., Gamal, G., & Wafiq, A. (2021). The impact of COVID 19 on air pollution levels and other environmental indicators - A case study of Egypt. Journal of Environmental Management, 277, 111496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111496
  122. Naher, N., Hoque, R., Hassan, M. S., Balabanova, D., Adams, A. M., & Ahmed, S. M. (2020). The influence of corruption and governance in the delivery of frontline health care services in the public sector: a scoping review of current and future prospects in low and middle-income countries of south and south-east Asia. BMC Public Health, 20(1), 880. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-08975-0
  123. Narayanamurthy, G., & Tortorella, G. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on employee performance – Moderating role of industry 4.0 base technologies. International Journal of Production Economics, 234, 108075. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2021.108075
  124. Nguyen, C. V., Giang, L. T., Tran, A. N., & Do, H. T. (2021). Do Good Governance and Public Administration Improve Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction? The Case of Vietnam. International Public Management Journal, 24(1), 131–161. https://doi.org/10.1080/10967494.2019.1592793
  125. Nurcahyono, N., Hanum, A. N., & Sukesti, F. (2021). The COVID-19 Outbreak and Stock Market Return: Evidence from Indonesia. Jurnal Dinamika Akuntansi Dan Bisnis, 8(1), 47–58. https://doi.org/10.24815/jdab.v8i1.18934
  126. Oliveira, T., de Lima Pereira, M., dos Anjos, F. A., & Feger, J. E. (2023). Governance and Competitiveness of Tourism Destinations: Validation of the Structural Model in the Case of Brazil. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism, 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/1528008X.2023.2251686
  127. Omri, A., & Hadj, T. B. (2020). Foreign investment and air pollution: Do good governance and technological innovation matter? Environmental Research, 185, 109469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.109469
  128. Omri, A., & Mabrouk, N. Ben. (2020). Good governance for sustainable development goals: Getting ahead of the pack or falling behind? Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 83, 106388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2020.106388
  129. Ornell, F., Moura, H. F., Scherer, J. N., Pechansky, F., Kessler, F. H. P., & von Diemen, L. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on substance use: Implications for prevention and treatment. Psychiatry Research, 289, 113096. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113096
  130. Ozili, P. K. (2021). COVID-19 pandemic and economic crisis: the Nigerian experience and structural causes. Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences, 37(4), 401–418. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEAS-05-2020-0074
  131. Pramana, S., Paramartha, D. Y., Ermawan, G. Y., Deli, N. F., & Srimulyani, W. (2022). Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on tourism in Indonesia. Current Issues in Tourism, 25(15), 2422–2442. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2021.1968803
  132. Pramiyanti, A., Mayangsari, I. D., Nuraeni, R., & Firdaus, Y. D. (2020). Public perception on transparency and trust in government information released during the COVID-19 pandemic. Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research, 8(3), 351–376. https://doi.org/10.15206/ajpor.2020.8.3.351
  133. Pratolo, S., Sofyani, H., & Maulidini, R. W. (2022). The roles of accountability and transparency on public trust in the village governments: The intervening role of COVID-19 handling services quality. Cogent Business & Management, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2022.2110648
  134. Pulubuhu, D. A. T., Unde, A. A., Sumartias, S., Sudarmo, S., & Seniwati, S. (2020). The Economic Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak on the Agriculture Sector. International Journal of Agriculture System, 8(1), 57–63. https://doi.org/10.20956/ijas.v8i1.2337
  135. Rachmah, A. I., Prasetyani, D., & Samudro, B. R. (2023). Social Welfare Factors during Covid-19 in Indonesia in 2020-2021. Ekuilibrium : Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Ilmu Ekonomi, 18(2), 179–189. https://doi.org/10.24269/ekuilibrium.v18i2.2023.pp179-189
  136. Rahayu, P., & Anisykurlillah, I. (2015). Pengaruh kepemilikan saham publik, profitabilitas dan media terhadap pengungkapan tanggung jawab sosial. Accounting Analysis Journal, 4(3). https://doi.org/10.15294/aaj.v4i3.8300
  137. Rahayuningtyas, D. P. A., & Setyaningrum, D. (2017). Pengaruh tata kelola dan e-government terhadap korupsi. EKUITAS (Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Keuangan), 1(4). https://doi.org/10.24034/j25485024.y2017.v1.i4.2597
  138. Rashid, S., & Yadav, S. S. (2020). Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Higher Education and Research. Indian Journal of Human Development, 14(2), 340–343. https://doi.org/10.1177/0973703020946700
  139. Rindermann, H., Kodila-Tedika, O., & Christainsen, G. (2015). Cognitive capital, good governance, and the wealth of nations. Intelligence, 51, 98–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2015.06.002
  140. Safdar, S., Khan, A., & Andlib, Z. (2022). Impact of good governance and natural resource rent on economic and environmental sustainability: an empirical analysis for South Asian economies. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(55), 82948–82965. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-21401-9
  141. Saha, S., & Zhang, Z. (2017). Democracy-growth nexus and its interaction effect on human development: A cross-national analysis. Economic Modelling, 63, 304–310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2017.02.021
  142. Saher, R., & Anjum, M. (2021). Role of technology in COVID-19 pandemic. In Researches and Applications of Artificial Intelligence to Mitigate Pandemics (pp. 109–138). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-90959-4.00005-5
  143. Salter, A. W., & Young, A. T. (2019). Polycentric Sovereignty: The Medieval Constitution, Governance Quality, and the Wealth of Nations. Social Science Quarterly, 100(4), 1241–1253. https://doi.org/10.1111/ssqu.12619
  144. Salum, J., Eustace, A., Malata, P. F., & Mbangwa, O. F. (2018). Wildlife crime promoted by weak governance. African Journal of Ecology, 56(1), 101–108. https://doi.org/10.1111/aje.12424
  145. Saturwa, H. N., Suharno, S., & Ahmad, A. A. (2021). The impact of Covid-19 pandemic on MSMEs. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 24(1), 65–82. https://doi.org/10.24914/jeb.v24i1.3905
  146. Sayeed, U. B., & Hossain, A. (2020). How Japan managed to curb the pandemic early on: Lessons learned from the first eight months of COVID-19. Journal of Global Health, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.10.020390
  147. Semo, B., & Frissa, S. M. (2020). The mental health impact of the covid-19 pandemic: Implications for Sub-Saharan Africa. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, Volume 13, 713–720. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S264286
  148. Setayesh, M. H., & Daryaei, A. A. (2017). Good governance, innovation, economic growth and the stock market turnover rate. The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, 26(7), 829–850. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638199.2017.1334809
  149. Setiawan, H., & Safri, M. (2016). Analisis pengaruh akuntabilitas publik, transparansi publik dan pengawasan terhadap kinerja satuan kerja perangkat daerah di Kabupaten Bungo. Jurnal Perspektif Pembiayaan Dan Pembangunan Daerah, 4(1), 51–72. https://doi.org/10.22437/ppd.v4i1.3533
  150. Setyaningrum, D., Wardhani, R., & Syakhroza, A. (2017). Good public governance, corruption and public service quality: Indonesia evidence. International Journal of Applied Business and Economic Research, 15(19), 327–338.
  151. Shafi, M., Liu, J., & Ren, W. (2020). Impact of covid-19 pandemic on micro, small, and medium-sized Enterprises operating in Pakistan. Research in Globalization, 2, 100018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resglo.2020.100018
  152. Shen, H., Fu, M., Pan, H., Yu, Z., & Chen, Y. (2020). The impact of the covid-19 pandemic on firm performance. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 56(10), 2213–2230. https://doi.org/10.1080/1540496X.2020.1785863
  153. Sian, S., & Smyth, S. (2022). Supreme emergencies and public accountability: the case of procurement in the UK during the Covid-19 pandemic. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 35(1), 146–157. https://doi.org/10.1108/AAAJ-08-2020-4860
  154. Smith, A. E. (2020). Covid vs. Democracy: Brazil’s Populist Playbook. Journal of Democracy, 31(4), 76–90. https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2020.0057
  155. Spyromitros, E., & Panagiotidis, M. (2022). The impact of corruption on economic growth in developing countries and a comparative analysis of corruption measurement indicators. Cogent Economics & Finance, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2022.2129368
  156. Su, H., Lu, Y., Lyulyov, O., & Pimonenko, T. (2023). Good Governance within Public Participation and National Audit for Reducing Corruption. Sustainability, 15(9), 7030. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097030
  157. Subramaniam, S., & Chakraborty, M. (2021). COVID-19 fear index: does it matter for stock market returns? Review of Behavioral Finance, 13(1), 40–50. https://doi.org/10.1108/RBF-08-2020-0215
  158. Sudjatmoko, A., Ichsan, M., Astriani, M., Mariani, & Clairine, A. (2023). The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Performance of Indonesian MSME with Innovation as Mediation. Cogent Business & Management, 10(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2179962
  159. Suparman, N. (2021). Dampak Pandemi Covid-19 terhadap Pengelolaan Keuangan Negara. Indonesian Treasury Review: Jurnal Perbendaharaan, Keuangan Negara Dan Kebijakan Publik, 6(1), 31–42. https://doi.org/10.33105/itrev.v6i1.261
  160. Suryahadi, A., Al Izzati, R., & Suryadarma, D. (2020). Estimating the Impact of Covid-19 on Poverty in Indonesia. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 56(2), 175–192. https://doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2020.1779390
  161. Syamsul, S., & Ritonga, I. T. (2017). Pengaruh Tata Kelola Pemerintah Daerah terhadap Transparansi Pengelolaan Keuangan Daerah: Bukti Empiris pada Pemerintah Provinsi Di Indonesia. Jurnal Akuntansi, 21(3), 448–460. https://doi.org/10.24912/ja.v21i3.251
  162. Syarifuddin, F., & Setiawan, M. (2022). The Relationship between COVID-19 Pandemic, Foreign Direct Investment, and Gross Domestic Product in Indonesia. Sustainability, 14(5), 2786. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14052786
  163. Takeda, A., Truong, H. T., & Sonobe, T. (2022). The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on micro, small, and medium enterprises in Asia and their digitalization responses. Journal of Asian Economics, 82, 101533. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asieco.2022.101533
  164. Teresiene, D., Keliuotyte-Staniuleniene, G., Liao, Y., Kanapickiene, R., Pu, R., Hu, S., & Yue, X.-G. (2021). The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Consumer and Business Confidence Indicators. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 14(4), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14040159
  165. Tinungki, G. M., Robiyanto, R., & Hartono, P. G. (2022). The Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Corporate Dividend Policy in Indonesia: The Static and Dynamic Panel Data Approaches. Economies, 10(1), 11–23. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies10010011
  166. Toly, A. A., Gunawan, I. A., Marchella, J., & Olivia, N. (2021). Bagaimana Kondisi Demografi Menjadi Penentu Moral Pajak saat COVID-19? Jurnal Akuntansi Multiparadigma, 12(2), 388–400. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jamal.2021.12.2.22
  167. Tripathy, K. K., Paliwal, M., & Nistala, N. (2021). Good Governance Practices and Competitiveness in Cooperatives: An Analytical Study of Kerala Primary Agricultural Credit Societies. International Journal of Global Business and Competitiveness, 16(2), 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42943-021-00020-0
  168. Twyford, E. J. (2023). Crisis accountability and aged “care” during COVID-19. Meditari Accountancy Research, 31(1), 27–51. https://doi.org/10.1108/MEDAR-05-2021-1296
  169. Tyagi, L. K. (2019). A study on good governance in controlling corruption in education sector in India. International Journal of Society Systems Science, 11(3), 209. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSSS.2019.101735
  170. Vávrová, J. (2022). Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Corporate Social Responsibility in the Hotel Industry – Case of the Czech Republic. Journal of Tourism and Services, 13(25), 213–229. https://doi.org/10.29036/jots.v13i25.414
  171. Wang, X., Xiao, H., Yan, B., & Xu, J. (2021). New development: Administrative accountability and early responses during public health crises—lessons from Covid-19 in China. Public Money & Management, 41(1), 73–76. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540962.2020.1819012
  172. Wardhani, R., Rossieta, H., & Martani, D. (2017). Good Governance and The Impact of Government Spending on Performance of Local Government in Indonesia. Int. J. of Public Sector Performance Management, 3(1), 78–102.
  173. Workneh, M. A. (2020). Gender Inequality, Governance, and Poverty in Sub‐Saharan Africa. Poverty & Public Policy, 12(2), 150–174. https://doi.org/10.1002/pop4.278
  174. Xiang, L., Tang, M., Yin, Z., Zheng, M., & Lu, S. (2021). The COVID-19 Pandemic and Economic Growth: Theory and Simulation. Frontiers in Public Health, 9, 741525. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.741525
  175. Xiong, J., Lipsitz, O., Nasri, F., Lui, L. M. W., Gill, H., Phan, L., Chen-Li, D., Iacobucci, M., Ho, R., Majeed, A., & McIntyre, R. S. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in the general population: A systematic review. Journal of Affective Disorders, 277, 55–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.001
  176. Xue, Y., Yu, H., & Qin, G. (2021). Towards Good Governance on Dual-Use Biotechnology for Global Sustainable Development. Sustainability, 13(24), 14056. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132414056
  177. Yang, S.-U. (2018). Effects of Government Dialogic Competency: The MERS Outbreak and Implications for Public Health Crises and Political Legitimacy. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 95(4), 1011–1032. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699017750360
  178. Yazir, D., Şahin, B., Yip, T. L., & Tseng, P.-H. (2020). Effects of COVID-19 on maritime industry: a review. International Maritime Health, 71(4), 253–264. https://doi.org/10.5603/IMH.2020.0044
  179. Younsi, M., & Bechtini, M. (2019). Does good governance matter for FDI? New evidence from emerging countries using a static and dynamic panel gravity model approach. Economics of Transition and Institutional Change, 27(3), 841–860. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecot.12224
  180. Zuhroh, I., & Harpiyansa, H. (2022). Global Crisis and Economic Fundamentals: Its Impact on Foreign Direct Investment in ASEAN Countries. Ekuilibrium : Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Ilmu Ekonomi, 17(1), 91–101. https://doi.org/10.24269/ekuilibrium.v17i1.2022.pp91-101

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.