GAMBARAN KARAKTERISTIK PENGETAHUAN DAN PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT AWAM MENGENAI PANDEMI COVID-19 DI ERA NEW NORMAL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24269/ijhs.v5i2.3090Abstract Covid-19 ditetapkan sebagai pandemi pada 11 Maret 2020. Berbagai langkah dilakukan untuk mengendalikan penyebaran pandemi Covid-19 yang sedang terjadi di Indonesia, namun pertambahan jumlah kasus harian di Indonesia belum menunjukkan penurunan. Hal ini mendorong peneliti untuk menilai tingkat pengetahuan dan persepsi masyarakat karena faktor memiliki pengaruh terhap perilaku kesehatan individu yang bisa berkontribusi terhadap upaya pengendalian pandemi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi deskriptif observasional. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah 343 orang masyarakat yang mengisi kuesioner penelitian yang dilaksanakan departemen IKM-IKK FK Unsri. Pada 251 responden yang mengisi kuesioner online secara lengkap didapatkan rerata usia 23,78 ± 7,46, 63,7% perempuan, 63,7% lulusan perguruan tinggi, 77,7% muslim, dan 54,6% merupakan mahasiswa dan pelajar (54,6%). Penilain pengetahuan diperoleh 137 orang (35,7%) memiliki tingkat pengetahuan baik dengan rerata nilai pengetahuan 13,25 ± 3,2. Mayoritas responden memiliki pengetahuan yang baik dengan lebih dari separuh menunjukkan persepsi positif terhadap risiko infeksi, pentingnya memakai masker dan physical distancing, perilaku cuci tangan, isolasi mandiri, dan konsumsi makanan bergizi selama pandemi Covid-19 ini. Secara umum, masyarakat memiliki pengetahuan yang baik mengenai COVID-19. Tindakan yang nyata diperlukan agar kasus COVID-19 dapat diturunkan.
References
[1] K. O. Kwok et al., “Community responses during the early phase of the COVID-19 epidemic in Hong Kong: risk perception, information exposure and preventive measures,†Emerg. Infect. Dis., vol. 26, no. 7, p. 1575, 2020.
[2] Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, Pedoman Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Revisi ke-5, Juli 2020. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, 2020.
[3] World Health Organization, “Coronavirus disease 2019 ( COVID-19 ) Situation Report – 51,†Geneva, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.who.int/ emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports.
[4] M. Fadilah and D. Arsinta, “The Effect Of Social Contacts On The Spreads Of Covid- 19 In Indonesia,†Adv. Soc. Sci. Res. J., vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 233–242, 2020, doi: 10.14738/assrj.76.8258.
[5] J. Guarner, “Three Emerging Coronaviruses in Two Decades The Story of SARS , MERS , and Now COVID-19,†Am. J. Clin. Pathol., vol. 153, no. 4, pp. 420–421, 2020, doi: 10.1093/AJCP/AQAA029.
[6] Sukesih, Usman, S. Budi, and D. N. A. Sari, “Pengetahuan Dan Sikap Mahasiswa Kesehatan Tentang Pencegahan Covid-19 Di Indonesia,†J. Ilmu Keperawatan dan Kebidanan, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 258–264, 2020.
[7] Gugus Tugas Percepatan Penanganan (GTPP) COVID-19, “COVID-19,†Satuan Tugas Penanganan COVID-19, 2020. https://covid19.go.id/peta-sebaran (accessed Jul. 28, 2020).
[8] T. V Inglesby, “Public Health Measures and the Reproduction Number of SARS-CoV-2,†JAMA., vol. 323, no. 21, pp. 2186–2187, 2020, doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.6130. [9] S. Notoatmodjo, Promosi Kesehatan Dan Perilaku Kesehatan. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2012.
[10] A. Wawan and M. Dewi, Teori Dan Pengukuran Pengetahuan, Sikap Dan Perilaku Manusia. Yogayakarta: Nuha Medika, 2010.
[11] H. S. Arifin et al., “Persepsi mahasiswa untirta terhadap penerapan perda syariah di kota serang,†Commed J. Komun. dan Media, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 87–97, 2017.
[12] B. L. Zhong et al., “Knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards COVID-19 among Chinese residents during the rapid rise period of the COVID-19 outbreak: a quick online cross-sectional survey,†Int. J. Biol. Sci., vol. 16, no. 10, pp. 1745–1752, 2020, doi: 10.7150/ijbs.45221.
[13] M. M. Iqbal, I. Abid, S. Hussain, N. Shahzad, M. S. Waqas, and M. J. Iqbal, “The effects of regional climatic condition on the spread of COVID-19 at global scale,†Sci. Total Environ., vol. 739, no. January, p. 140101, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140101.
[14] M. Fadilah, “Pengaruh Perilaku Masyarakat Terhadap Aktivitas Fisik Di Tempat Tinggal Selama Pandemic Coronavirus 19,†Indones. J. Heal. Sci., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 30–37, 2021, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.24269/ijhs.v5i1.3088.
[15] J. Moudy and R. A. Syakurah, “Pengetahuan terkait Usaha Pencegahan Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) di Indonesia,†HIGEIA J. PUBLIC Heal. Res. Dev., vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 333–346, 2020, [Online]. Available: https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/higeia/article/view/37844.
[16] C. T. J. Hulshof et al., “WHO / ILO work-related burden of disease and injury : Protocol for systematic reviews of exposure to occupational ergonomic risk factors and of the effect of exposure to occupational ergonomic risk factors on osteoarthritis of hip or knee and selected oth,†vol. 125, no. June 2018, pp. 554–566, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.09.053.
[17] Asosiasi Penyelenggara Jasa Internet Indonesia (APJII), “Penetrasi & perilaku pengguna internet Indonesia suvey 2017,†Jakarta, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://apjii.or.id/content/read/39/342/Hasil-Survei-Penetrasi-dan-Perilaku-Pengguna-Internet-Indonesia-2017.
[18] L. P. Wong and I. Sam, “Knowledge and Attitudes in Regard to Pandemic Influenza A ( H1N1 ) in a Multiethnic Community of Malaysia,†Int. J. Behav. Med., vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 112–121, 2011, doi: 10.1007/s12529-010-9114-9.
[19] J. Zegarra-Valdivia, B. N. C. Vilca, and R. J. A. Guerrero, “Knowledge , perception and attitudes in Regard to COVID-19 Pandemic in Peruvian Population,†PsyArXiv, vol. 16 Apr. 20, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/kr9ya.
[20] V. Linardi, R. A. Syakurah, and J. Moudy, “Demography factors influencing Indonesian general knowledge on COVID-19,†Int. J. Public Heal. Sci., vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 113–118, 2021, doi: 10.11591/ijphs.v10i1.20515.
[21] A. Solihin, O. Wiharna, M. Komaro, D. Pendidikan, T. Mesin, and U. P. Indonesia, “Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education, Vol. 3, No. 1, Juni 2016 16,†J. Mech. Eng. Educ., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 16–22, 2016.
[22] J. Zhang, “Cognitive Functions of the Brain: Perception, Attention and Memory,†InformationFusionandMiningLaboratory, no. 1907.02863., pp. 1–31, 2019, [Online]. Available: http://arxiv.org/abs/1907.02863.
[23] M. I. Mulia, R. A. Syakurah, and A. Ma’mun, “Fenomena Membaca Label Informasi Makanan pada Mahasiswa Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya,†GHIDZA J. GIZI DAN Kesehat., vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 153–165, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.22487/ghidza.v4i2.131.
[24] N. A. Pratama and D. Hidayat, “Pengetahuan dan Perilaku Masyarakat Memaknai Social Distancing,†J. Digit. Media Relatsh., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1–10, 2020.
[25] J. J. Van Bavel et al., “COVID-19 pandemic response,†Nat. Hum. Behav., vol. 4, no. May, pp. 460–471, 2020, doi: 10.1038/s41562-020-0884-z.
[26] C. Betsch, “How behavioural science data helps mitigate the COVID-19 crisis,†Nat. Hum. Behav., vol. 4, no. March, p. 41562, 2020, doi: 10.1038/s41562-020-0866-1.
[27] B. W. Lestari, Z. H. Fatma, A. Andani, R. S. Hadi, R. D. Adiwiria, and S. Afifah, Modul Pelacakan Kontak COVID-19 untuk Tenaga Kesehatan, no. March. Bandung Barat: Media Jaya Abadi, 2020.
[28] Sulaeman and Supriadi, “Peningkatan Pengetahuan Masyarakat Desa Jelantik Dalam Menghadapi Pandemi Corona Virus Diseases–19 (Covid-19),†J. Pengabdi. UNDIKMA, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 12–17, 2020.
[29] T. Luu and D. Huynh, “The COVID-19 risk perception : A survey on socioeconomics and media attention,†Econ. Bull., vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 758–764, 2020.
[30] P. Geldsetzer, “Use of Rapid Online Surveys to Assess People ’ s Perceptions During Infectious Disease Outbreaks : A Cross-sectional Survey on COVID-19 Corresponding Author :,†J. Med. INTERNET Res., vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 1–13, 2020, doi: 10.2196/18790.
[31] T. Menawati and H. Kurniawan, “Pentingnya Komunikasi Dalam Pelayanan Kesehatan Primer,†J. Kedokt. SYIAH KUALA, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 120–124, 2015.
[32] Sukesih, L. Maiza, and A. Sopyan, “Tingkat Pendidikan Dan Pengetahuan Dengan Perilaku Upaya Pencegahan Covid-19 Pada Masyarakat,†Proceeding of The URECOL, pp. 290–296, 2021.
[33] R. Djalante et al., “Review and analysis of current responses to COVID-19 in Indonesia: Period of January to March 2020,†Prog. Disaster Sci., vol. 6, p. 100091, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.pdisas.2020.100091.
[34] I. J. Mansdorf, “Enforcing Compliance with COVID-19 Pandemic Restrictions: Psychological Aspects of a National Security Threat,†Jerusalem Center For Public AffairS (JCPA), 2020. https://jcpa.org/article/enforcing-compliance-with-covid-19-pandemic-restrictions-psychological-aspects-of-a-national-security-threat/.
[35] N. F. S. Rahayu, A. M. Fauzi, and D. A. Aprilianti, “Kebijakan Pemerintah Dan Tradisi Mudik Lebaran Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Oleh :,†J. Pemikiran, Penelit. Ilmu-ilmu Sos. Huk. dan Pengajarannya, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 64–74, 2021.
[36] I. I. Jamaluddin, “Media Siber Merespons Solidaritas Publik Terdampak Covid-19 di Palu Sulawesi Tengah,†in Prosiding Nasional Covid-19, 2020, no. 440, pp. 37–51.
[37] J. W. Adiluhung, “Sosiologi Pedesaan di Era Corona Virus 19,†MADANI J. Polit. dan Sos. Kemasyarakatan, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 184–195, 2020.
[38] P. Geldsetzer, “Knowledge and Perceptions of COVID-19 Among the General Public in the United States and the United Kingdom: A Cross-sectional Online Survey,†Ann. Intern. Med. Obs., vol. 173, no. 2, pp. 157–160, 2020.
[39] M. Siegrist, T. C. Earle, and H. Gutscher, “Test of a trust and confidence model in the applied context of electromagnetic field (EMF) risks TT - Test eines Vertrauensmodells im Anwendungsbereich von Elektromagnetfeldrisiken,†Risk Anal., vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 705–716, 2003, [Online]. Available: http://10.0.4.87/1539-6924.00349%0Ahttp://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pdx&AN=0172423&%0Alang=de&site=ehost-live
[40] Y. Yuniarty, “Hubungan Pengetahuan Terhadap Sikap Mengenai Mitos Dan Fakta Pandemi Covid-19 Pada Masyarakat Kota Pontianak,†vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 22–27, 2021.
[2] Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, Pedoman Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Revisi ke-5, Juli 2020. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, 2020.
[3] World Health Organization, “Coronavirus disease 2019 ( COVID-19 ) Situation Report – 51,†Geneva, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.who.int/ emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports.
[4] M. Fadilah and D. Arsinta, “The Effect Of Social Contacts On The Spreads Of Covid- 19 In Indonesia,†Adv. Soc. Sci. Res. J., vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 233–242, 2020, doi: 10.14738/assrj.76.8258.
[5] J. Guarner, “Three Emerging Coronaviruses in Two Decades The Story of SARS , MERS , and Now COVID-19,†Am. J. Clin. Pathol., vol. 153, no. 4, pp. 420–421, 2020, doi: 10.1093/AJCP/AQAA029.
[6] Sukesih, Usman, S. Budi, and D. N. A. Sari, “Pengetahuan Dan Sikap Mahasiswa Kesehatan Tentang Pencegahan Covid-19 Di Indonesia,†J. Ilmu Keperawatan dan Kebidanan, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 258–264, 2020.
[7] Gugus Tugas Percepatan Penanganan (GTPP) COVID-19, “COVID-19,†Satuan Tugas Penanganan COVID-19, 2020. https://covid19.go.id/peta-sebaran (accessed Jul. 28, 2020).
[8] T. V Inglesby, “Public Health Measures and the Reproduction Number of SARS-CoV-2,†JAMA., vol. 323, no. 21, pp. 2186–2187, 2020, doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.6130. [9] S. Notoatmodjo, Promosi Kesehatan Dan Perilaku Kesehatan. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2012.
[10] A. Wawan and M. Dewi, Teori Dan Pengukuran Pengetahuan, Sikap Dan Perilaku Manusia. Yogayakarta: Nuha Medika, 2010.
[11] H. S. Arifin et al., “Persepsi mahasiswa untirta terhadap penerapan perda syariah di kota serang,†Commed J. Komun. dan Media, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 87–97, 2017.
[12] B. L. Zhong et al., “Knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards COVID-19 among Chinese residents during the rapid rise period of the COVID-19 outbreak: a quick online cross-sectional survey,†Int. J. Biol. Sci., vol. 16, no. 10, pp. 1745–1752, 2020, doi: 10.7150/ijbs.45221.
[13] M. M. Iqbal, I. Abid, S. Hussain, N. Shahzad, M. S. Waqas, and M. J. Iqbal, “The effects of regional climatic condition on the spread of COVID-19 at global scale,†Sci. Total Environ., vol. 739, no. January, p. 140101, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140101.
[14] M. Fadilah, “Pengaruh Perilaku Masyarakat Terhadap Aktivitas Fisik Di Tempat Tinggal Selama Pandemic Coronavirus 19,†Indones. J. Heal. Sci., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 30–37, 2021, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.24269/ijhs.v5i1.3088.
[15] J. Moudy and R. A. Syakurah, “Pengetahuan terkait Usaha Pencegahan Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) di Indonesia,†HIGEIA J. PUBLIC Heal. Res. Dev., vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 333–346, 2020, [Online]. Available: https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/higeia/article/view/37844.
[16] C. T. J. Hulshof et al., “WHO / ILO work-related burden of disease and injury : Protocol for systematic reviews of exposure to occupational ergonomic risk factors and of the effect of exposure to occupational ergonomic risk factors on osteoarthritis of hip or knee and selected oth,†vol. 125, no. June 2018, pp. 554–566, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.09.053.
[17] Asosiasi Penyelenggara Jasa Internet Indonesia (APJII), “Penetrasi & perilaku pengguna internet Indonesia suvey 2017,†Jakarta, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://apjii.or.id/content/read/39/342/Hasil-Survei-Penetrasi-dan-Perilaku-Pengguna-Internet-Indonesia-2017.
[18] L. P. Wong and I. Sam, “Knowledge and Attitudes in Regard to Pandemic Influenza A ( H1N1 ) in a Multiethnic Community of Malaysia,†Int. J. Behav. Med., vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 112–121, 2011, doi: 10.1007/s12529-010-9114-9.
[19] J. Zegarra-Valdivia, B. N. C. Vilca, and R. J. A. Guerrero, “Knowledge , perception and attitudes in Regard to COVID-19 Pandemic in Peruvian Population,†PsyArXiv, vol. 16 Apr. 20, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/kr9ya.
[20] V. Linardi, R. A. Syakurah, and J. Moudy, “Demography factors influencing Indonesian general knowledge on COVID-19,†Int. J. Public Heal. Sci., vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 113–118, 2021, doi: 10.11591/ijphs.v10i1.20515.
[21] A. Solihin, O. Wiharna, M. Komaro, D. Pendidikan, T. Mesin, and U. P. Indonesia, “Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education, Vol. 3, No. 1, Juni 2016 16,†J. Mech. Eng. Educ., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 16–22, 2016.
[22] J. Zhang, “Cognitive Functions of the Brain: Perception, Attention and Memory,†InformationFusionandMiningLaboratory, no. 1907.02863., pp. 1–31, 2019, [Online]. Available: http://arxiv.org/abs/1907.02863.
[23] M. I. Mulia, R. A. Syakurah, and A. Ma’mun, “Fenomena Membaca Label Informasi Makanan pada Mahasiswa Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya,†GHIDZA J. GIZI DAN Kesehat., vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 153–165, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.22487/ghidza.v4i2.131.
[24] N. A. Pratama and D. Hidayat, “Pengetahuan dan Perilaku Masyarakat Memaknai Social Distancing,†J. Digit. Media Relatsh., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1–10, 2020.
[25] J. J. Van Bavel et al., “COVID-19 pandemic response,†Nat. Hum. Behav., vol. 4, no. May, pp. 460–471, 2020, doi: 10.1038/s41562-020-0884-z.
[26] C. Betsch, “How behavioural science data helps mitigate the COVID-19 crisis,†Nat. Hum. Behav., vol. 4, no. March, p. 41562, 2020, doi: 10.1038/s41562-020-0866-1.
[27] B. W. Lestari, Z. H. Fatma, A. Andani, R. S. Hadi, R. D. Adiwiria, and S. Afifah, Modul Pelacakan Kontak COVID-19 untuk Tenaga Kesehatan, no. March. Bandung Barat: Media Jaya Abadi, 2020.
[28] Sulaeman and Supriadi, “Peningkatan Pengetahuan Masyarakat Desa Jelantik Dalam Menghadapi Pandemi Corona Virus Diseases–19 (Covid-19),†J. Pengabdi. UNDIKMA, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 12–17, 2020.
[29] T. Luu and D. Huynh, “The COVID-19 risk perception : A survey on socioeconomics and media attention,†Econ. Bull., vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 758–764, 2020.
[30] P. Geldsetzer, “Use of Rapid Online Surveys to Assess People ’ s Perceptions During Infectious Disease Outbreaks : A Cross-sectional Survey on COVID-19 Corresponding Author :,†J. Med. INTERNET Res., vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 1–13, 2020, doi: 10.2196/18790.
[31] T. Menawati and H. Kurniawan, “Pentingnya Komunikasi Dalam Pelayanan Kesehatan Primer,†J. Kedokt. SYIAH KUALA, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 120–124, 2015.
[32] Sukesih, L. Maiza, and A. Sopyan, “Tingkat Pendidikan Dan Pengetahuan Dengan Perilaku Upaya Pencegahan Covid-19 Pada Masyarakat,†Proceeding of The URECOL, pp. 290–296, 2021.
[33] R. Djalante et al., “Review and analysis of current responses to COVID-19 in Indonesia: Period of January to March 2020,†Prog. Disaster Sci., vol. 6, p. 100091, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.pdisas.2020.100091.
[34] I. J. Mansdorf, “Enforcing Compliance with COVID-19 Pandemic Restrictions: Psychological Aspects of a National Security Threat,†Jerusalem Center For Public AffairS (JCPA), 2020. https://jcpa.org/article/enforcing-compliance-with-covid-19-pandemic-restrictions-psychological-aspects-of-a-national-security-threat/.
[35] N. F. S. Rahayu, A. M. Fauzi, and D. A. Aprilianti, “Kebijakan Pemerintah Dan Tradisi Mudik Lebaran Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Oleh :,†J. Pemikiran, Penelit. Ilmu-ilmu Sos. Huk. dan Pengajarannya, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 64–74, 2021.
[36] I. I. Jamaluddin, “Media Siber Merespons Solidaritas Publik Terdampak Covid-19 di Palu Sulawesi Tengah,†in Prosiding Nasional Covid-19, 2020, no. 440, pp. 37–51.
[37] J. W. Adiluhung, “Sosiologi Pedesaan di Era Corona Virus 19,†MADANI J. Polit. dan Sos. Kemasyarakatan, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 184–195, 2020.
[38] P. Geldsetzer, “Knowledge and Perceptions of COVID-19 Among the General Public in the United States and the United Kingdom: A Cross-sectional Online Survey,†Ann. Intern. Med. Obs., vol. 173, no. 2, pp. 157–160, 2020.
[39] M. Siegrist, T. C. Earle, and H. Gutscher, “Test of a trust and confidence model in the applied context of electromagnetic field (EMF) risks TT - Test eines Vertrauensmodells im Anwendungsbereich von Elektromagnetfeldrisiken,†Risk Anal., vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 705–716, 2003, [Online]. Available: http://10.0.4.87/1539-6924.00349%0Ahttp://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pdx&AN=0172423&%0Alang=de&site=ehost-live
[40] Y. Yuniarty, “Hubungan Pengetahuan Terhadap Sikap Mengenai Mitos Dan Fakta Pandemi Covid-19 Pada Masyarakat Kota Pontianak,†vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 22–27, 2021.
Downloads
Published
2021-09-30
Issue
Section
Artikel
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
