Suripto, S., Athfal , A. A., Kurniawan, M. L. A., & Salim, A. (2025). Structural Cointegration of Exchange Rate, Gross Domestic Product, and External Debt in Indonesia: An Analysis of Macroeconomic Stability with the ARDL–ECM Approach. Ekuilibrium : Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Ilmu Ekonomi, 20(2), 271–294. https://doi.org/10.24269/ekuilibrium.v20i2.2025.pp271-294