Hate Studies: The Urgency and Its Developments in the Perspective of Religious Studies
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24269/ars.v9i2.2707Abstract This article is a descriptive study of hate. The phenomenon of hatred has prompted many researchers to find out more about hatred, the effects of hatred, and hate management. This research revealed that hatred had become a separate field of study, called the Hate Study, initiated and organized by the Gonzaga University Institute for Hate Studies, in 1997. Hate Studies became an international interdisciplinary field that united scholars, academic researchers, practitioners, human rights activists, policy makers, NGO leaders, and others. This study collects research results from various academic fields, both in the fields of humanities, social sciences, education, politics, economics, and the like so as to produce scientific discussions and practical applications in the academic, legal and policy settings, and counter-hate practices in community organizations civil. The purpose of this study is to illustrate the urgency of multidisciplinary religious studies disciplinary participation in hate studies, to analyze the evolution of hatred, and to find ways in dealing with the spread of hatred and violence that is needed by the plural world today. Therefore, the academic approach to religious studies will provide theoretical guidance and practice that can enrich understanding of hatred as well as dealing with the effects of hatred.
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George, C. (2017a). Hate spin: The twin political strategies of religious incitement and offense-taking. Communication Theory, 27(2), 156–175.
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Mufti, M., & Rahman, M. T. (2019). Fundamentalis dan Radikalis Islam di Tengah Kehidupan Sosial Indonesia. TEMALI: Jurnal Pembangunan Sosial, 2(2), 204–218.
Navarro, J. I., Marchena, E., & Menacho, I. (2013). The psychology of hatred. The Open Criminology Journal, 6(1).
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Reicher, S., Hopkins, N., Levine, M., & Rath, R. (2005). Entrepreneurs of hate and entrepreneurs of solidarity: Social identity as a basis for mass communication. Int’l Rev. Red Cross, 87, 621.
Rubinstein, W. D. (2014). Genocide. Routledge.
Satha-Anand, C. (2015). “Barangsiapa Memelihara Kehidupan…â€: Esai-esai Tentang Nirkekerasan dan Kewajiban Islam. Centre for the Study of Islam and Democracy.
Staub, E. (2005). Constructive rather than harmful forgiveness, reconciliation, and ways to promote them after genocide and mass killing. Handbook of Forgiveness, 443–459.
Stern, K. S. (2004). The need for an interdisciplinary field of hate studies. Journal of Hate Studies, 3(1).
Sternberg, R. J. (2003). A duplex theory of hate: Development and application to terrorism, massacres, and genocide. Review of General Psychology, 7(3), 299–328.
Ulusoy, M. (2010). Hatred as the Root of Violence, The Trap of Hatred, and Said Nursî: A Person who was Saved from this Trap.
Verdeja, E. (2002). On genocide: Five contributing factors. Contemporary Politics, 8(1), 37–54.
Waller, J. E. (2004). Our ancestral shadow: Hate and human nature in evolutionary psychology. Journal of Hate Studies, 3, 121.
Weiss, J. C., & Ephross, P. H. (1986). Group work approaches to ‘hate violence’incidents. Social Work, 31(2), 132–136.
Yanay, N. (2002). Understanding collective hatred. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 2(1), 53–60.
Bartrop, P. (2002). The relationship between war and genocide in the twentieth century: A consideration. Journal of Genocide Research, 4(4), 519–532.
Bayley, D. (2002). Policing hate: what can be done? Policing & Society, 12(2), 83–91.
Carrier, J., & Cohen, R. (2010). Ten ways to fight hate: A community response guide.
Fischer, A., Halperin, E., Canetti, D., & Jasini, A. (2018). Why we hate. Emotion Review, 10(4), 309–320.
Flick, U. (2018). An introduction to qualitative research. Sage Publications Limited.
George, C. (2017a). Hate spin: The twin political strategies of religious incitement and offense-taking. Communication Theory, 27(2), 156–175.
George, C. (2017b). Pelintiran Kebencian: Rekayasa Ketersinggungan Agama dan Ancamannya bagi Demokrasi. Translated by Tim PUSAD Paramadina Dan IIS UGM. Jakarta: PUSAD Paramadina.
Glasser, S. B. (2005). US figures show sharp global rise in terrorism. The Washington Post, 27.
Hansen, E. C. (2020). Successful qualitative health research: a practical introduction. Routledge.
Kaelan, H. (2010). Metode Penelitian Agama Kualitatif Interdisipliner. Yogyakarta: Paradigma.
Maskaliunaite, A. (2002). Defining terrorism in the political and academic discourse. Baltic Defence Review, 2(8), 36–50.
Michener, W. (2012). The Individual Psychology of Group Hate. Journal of Hate Studies, 10(1).
Mohr, J. M. (2008). Hate studies through a constructivist and critical pedagogical approach. Journal of Hate Studies, 6(1), 65–80.
Mufti, M., & Rahman, M. T. (2019). Fundamentalis dan Radikalis Islam di Tengah Kehidupan Sosial Indonesia. TEMALI: Jurnal Pembangunan Sosial, 2(2), 204–218.
Navarro, J. I., Marchena, E., & Menacho, I. (2013). The psychology of hatred. The Open Criminology Journal, 6(1).
Opotow, S. (2005). Hate, Conflict, and Moral Exclusion.
Reicher, S., Hopkins, N., Levine, M., & Rath, R. (2005). Entrepreneurs of hate and entrepreneurs of solidarity: Social identity as a basis for mass communication. Int’l Rev. Red Cross, 87, 621.
Rubinstein, W. D. (2014). Genocide. Routledge.
Satha-Anand, C. (2015). “Barangsiapa Memelihara Kehidupan…â€: Esai-esai Tentang Nirkekerasan dan Kewajiban Islam. Centre for the Study of Islam and Democracy.
Staub, E. (2005). Constructive rather than harmful forgiveness, reconciliation, and ways to promote them after genocide and mass killing. Handbook of Forgiveness, 443–459.
Stern, K. S. (2004). The need for an interdisciplinary field of hate studies. Journal of Hate Studies, 3(1).
Sternberg, R. J. (2003). A duplex theory of hate: Development and application to terrorism, massacres, and genocide. Review of General Psychology, 7(3), 299–328.
Ulusoy, M. (2010). Hatred as the Root of Violence, The Trap of Hatred, and Said Nursî: A Person who was Saved from this Trap.
Verdeja, E. (2002). On genocide: Five contributing factors. Contemporary Politics, 8(1), 37–54.
Waller, J. E. (2004). Our ancestral shadow: Hate and human nature in evolutionary psychology. Journal of Hate Studies, 3, 121.
Weiss, J. C., & Ephross, P. H. (1986). Group work approaches to ‘hate violence’incidents. Social Work, 31(2), 132–136.
Yanay, N. (2002). Understanding collective hatred. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 2(1), 53–60.
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2021-01-12
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