UNIFIKASI REGULASI KEADILAN RESTORATIF MELALUI SISTEM PERADILAN PIDANA INDONESIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24269/ls.v7i2.7315Abstract
Internationally, restorative justice resonates most in and out of the criminal justice system. The justice system's slow pace has led to a backlog of cases at law enforcement agencies and prison overcrowding in Indonesia. This study seeks to understand Indonesia's restorative justice practices at all law enforcement levels. This study used normative juridical research, which included comparative, conceptual, and statutory approaches. Based on their binding force, primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials are used in this research. The data was analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. The results showed that Indonesia's restorative justice rules are based on the Circular Letter of the Chief of the Indonesian National Police, the Regulation of the Chief, and the Decree of the Director General of the General Justice Office of the Supreme Court, which differ in the scope of criminal offenses that can be subject to restorative justice. This could lead to inconsistencies in its application. However, the mechanism for implementing a restorative justice-based criminal justice system should be unified and partially codified in legislation, such as government regulations strengthened by several provisions in the draft Criminal Procedure Code.
References
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Dachak, H. (2021). The Principle of Proportionality of Crime and Punishment in International Documents. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 8(4), 684–694. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.18415/IJMMU.V8I4.2661
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Han, S., Valdovinos Olson, M., & Davis, R. C. (2021). Reducing recidivism through restorative justice: An evaluation of Bridges to Life in Dallas. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 60(7), 444–463. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10509674.2021.1966156
Hartono, S. (2006). Bhineka Tunggal Ika Sebagai Asas Hukum bagi Pembangunan Hukum Nasional. Citra Aditya Bakti.
Harun, M. (2019). Philosophical Study of Hans Kelsen’s Thoughts on Law and Satjipto Rahardjo’s Ideas on Progressive Law. Walisongo Law Review (Walrev), 1(2), 195–220.
Hübschle, A., Dore, A., & Davies-Mostert, H. (2021). Focus on victims and the community: Applying restorative justice principles to wildlife crime offences in South Africa. The International Journal of Restorative Justice, 4(1), 141–150. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5553/TIJRJ.000068
Johnstone, G., & Ness, D. W. V. (2007). Handbook on Restorative Justice. Willan Publishing.
Julyano, M., & Sulistyawan, A. Y. (2019). Pemahaman Terhadap Asas Kepastian Hukum Melalui Konstruksi Penalaran Positivisme Hukum. CREPIDO, 1(1), 13–22. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.14710/crepido.1.1.13-22
Kadish, S. (1995). Comment: The Folly of Overfederalization. Hastings Law Journal, 46(4). https://repository.uchastings.edu/hastings_law_journal/vol46/iss4/11
Kennedy, J. L. D., Tuliao, A. P., Flower, K. N., Tibbs, J. J., & McChargue, D. E. (2019). Long-Term Effectiveness of a Brief Restorative Justice Intervention. International Journal of Offender Therapy & Comparative Criminology, 63(1), 3–17.
Leonard, L. (2022). Can Restorative Justice Provide a Better Outcome for Participants and Society than the Courts? Laws, 11(14). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/laws11010014
Luna, E. (2012). Prosecutorial Decriminalization. Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, 102(3), 785–819.
McCold, P. (2020). Toward a holistic vision of restorative juvenile justice: A reply to the maximalist model. Contemporary Justice Review, 3(4), 357–414.
Miah, M. A. K., Akter, M., & Kamruzzaman, M. (2017). The Effectiveness of Restorative Justice Practice in Bangladesh: An Analysis. Humanities and Social Sciences, 5(5), 176–183. https://doi.org/. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hss.20170505.13
Moeljatno. (2008). Asas-Asas Hukum Pidana. Rineka Cipta.
Mohammad, T., Mohd Ramli, R., & Anderstone, B. (2021). Situating restorative justice in novel jurisdictions: Considerations from the Malaysian experience. Contemporary Justice Review, 24(1), 85–106.
Murhula, P. B. B., & Tolla, A. D. (2021). The Effectiveness of Restorative Justice Practices on Victims of Crime: Evidence from South Africa. International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy, 10(1), 98–110. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.1511
Mustikowati, E., Akub, S., & Muchtar, S. (2014). Penyelesaian Perkara Pidana di Luar Pengadilan Tentang Keadilan Restoratif di Kepolisian Resort Banggai. Analisis, 3(2), 82–89.
Nasution, N. P. A., Jubair, J., & Wahid, A. (2022). The Restorative Justice: Ideality, Reality, and Problems in The Indonesia Criminal Justice System. Rechtsidee, 11(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21070/jihr.v11i0.775
Pardede, M. (2017). Aspek Hukum Kebijakan Penyuluhan Hukum Dalam Rangka Pelaksanaan Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak (The Legal Aspect of Legal Capacity Building in The Juvenile Criminal Justice System). Jurnal Penelitian Hukum: DE JURE, 17(1), 13–28.
Rahman, M., & Khan, B. (2009). Local Government Level Restorative Adjudication: An Alternative Model of Justice for Children in Bangladesh. Commonwealth Journal of Local Governance, 4. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5130/cjlg.v0i4.1349
Robertson, L. (2016). Reconstructing restorative justice philosophy. Restorative Justice, 4(2), 280–283.
Roelofs, K., & Wouters, M. (2016). A plea for diversity in restorative justice: The fundamental need of freedom of choice for victims and offenders. Community Building and Restorative Justice. Presented at the 9th International Conference of the European Forum for RJ, Leiden. Leiden University.
Satria, H. (2018). Restorative Justice: Paradigma Baru Peradilan Pidana. Jurnal Media Hukum, 25(1), 111–123. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.18196/jmh.2018.0107.111-123
Satriadi, S. (2022). Restorative Justice the Limitations of Authority of Police and Prosecutors in the Criminal Justice System. Al-Bayyinah, 6(1), 11–21. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35673/al-bayyinah.v6i1.2594
Shirley, B. (2020). A System of Extrems. America, 223(2), 18–25.
Shoham, S. G., Beck, O., & Kett, M. (2007). Restorative Justice: An Alternative for Responding to Crime? In International Handbook of Penology and Criminal Justice. Routledge.
Skelton, A. (2013). The South African Constitutional Court’s restorative justice jurisprudence. Restorative Justice, 1(1), 122–145. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5235/20504721.1.1.122
Sliva, S. M., Porter-Merrill, E. H., & Lee, P. (2019). Fulfilling the Aspirations of Restorative Justice in the Criminal System? The Case of Colorado. Kansas Journal of Law & Public Policy, 28(3), 456–504.
Soulou, K. (2020). A brief European overview of restorative justice (RJ) in criminal cases: Current developments and challenges. Pro Justitia, 3(3). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.26262/pj.v3i3.7823
Stauffer, C. (2017). Restorative justice, reconciliation and peacebuilding. Restorative Justice, 5(3), 501–504.
Suhariyanto, B., Mulyadi, L., & Hakim, M. R. (2021). Kajian Restorative Justice: Dari Perspektif Filosofis, Normatif, Praktik, dan Persepsi Hakim. Kencana.
Tamim, M. (2016). Prisoner’s Right in Bangladesh: Laws, Reality and Solutions. Bangladesh Journal of Legal Studies, 5(1).
Thorburn, M. (2007). The Impossible Dreams and Modest Reality of Restorative Justice. Queen’s Law Journal, 30(2), 863–938.
Trevethan, S., Crutcher, N., & Rastin, C. (2022). An examination of healing lodges for federal offenders in Canada. Correctional Service Canada.
Wahid, A. (2021). Restorative Justice Arrangements in the Indonesian Criminal Justice System: A Contribution of Thoughts. Rechtsidee, 8. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21070/jihr.v8i0.778
Weitekamp, E., Parmentier, S., Vanspauwen, K., Valiñas, M., & Gerits, R. (2006). How to deal with mass victimization and gross human rights violations. A restorative justice approach. In Large scale victimisation as a potential source of terrorist activities (Vol. 13). IOS Press.
Wiratny, N. K. (2018). Prinsip Kepentingan Terbaik Bagi Anak Dalam Diversi Pada Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak. Raad Kertha, 1(1), 61–78.
Wood, W. R., & Suzuki, M. (2016). Four Challenges in the Future of Restorative Justice. Victims & Offenders, 11(1).
Zarkasi, M., Azisa, N., & Haeranah, H. (2022). Implications of Renewal System of Criminal Justice Based on the Principles of Restorative Justice on The Role of Probation and Parole Officer. Khazanah Hukum, 4, 29–44. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15575/kh.v4i1.17354
Zehr, H. (2016). The Little Book of Restorative Justice. Langara College.
Arief, B. N. (2017). Bunga Rampai Kebijakan Hukum Pidana: Perkembangan Penyusunan Konsep KUHP Baru. Kencana.
Armstrong, J. (2014). Rethinking the restorative-retributive dichotomy: Is reconciliation possible? Contemporary Justice Review, 17(3), 362–374.
Asadullah, M. (2019). Restorative Justice in British Columbia, Nova Scotia and Bangladesh: Exploring Genesis and Praxis. Simon Fraser University, Vancouver.
Asmarawati, T. (2014). Pidana dan Pemidanaan dalam Sistem Hukum di Indonesia (Hukum Penitensier). Deepublish.
Atmasasmita, R. (2010). Sistem Peradilan Pidana Kontemporer. Kencana Pernada Media Group.
Batchelor, D. (2017). Victims and restorative justice. Restorative Justice, 5(2), 332–335.
Batley, M., & Skelton, A. (2019). W(H)Ither Restorative Justice in South Africa? An Updated Status Review 2019. Restorative Justice Centre.
Biswas, M. (2018). Restorative Justice for A Better Criminal Justice System in Bangladesh. SCLS Law Review, 1(3), 45–49.
Blad, J. (2015). The politics of restorative justice. Restorative Justice, 3(1), 1–5.
Brown, D. (2020). Civil order, criminal justice, and ‘no justice no peace’’.’ University of Toronto Law Journal, 70(1), 84–101. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3138/utlj.2019-0064
Budi, M. (2022). liti Temukan Lapas di RI Over Kapasitas, Terbanyak Napi Narkotika. DetikNews. https://news.detik.com/berita/d-6304842/peneliti-temukan-lapas-di-ri-over-kapasitas-terbanyak-napi-narkotika#:~:text=Peneliti Center of Detention Studies %28CDS%29 Ali Aranoval,ada kelebihan kapasitas sebanyak 144.253 orang narapidana %28napi%29.
Chiste, K. B. (2013). Origins of Modern Restorative Justice: Five Examples from the English-Speaking World. University of British Columbia Law Review, 46(1), University of British Columbia Law Review, 46(1),.
Dachak, H. (2021). The Principle of Proportionality of Crime and Punishment in International Documents. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 8(4), 684–694. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.18415/IJMMU.V8I4.2661
Daly, K. (2013). The Punishment Debate in Restorative Justice. In Handbook of restorative justice: A global perspective. SAGE Publications.
Diputra, I. K. A., Dewi, A. A. S. L., & Widyantara, I. M. M. (2022). Konsepsi Penanganan Perkara Tindak Pidana dengan Restorative Justice yang Mengedepankan Kemanfaatan Hukum. Jurnal Konstruksi Hukum, 3(1), 191–195. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22225/jkh.3.1.4419.191-195
Dünkel, F., Grzywa-Holten, J., & Horsfield, P. (2015). Restorative justice and mediation in penal matters: A stock-taking of legal issues, implementation strategies and outcomes in 36 European countries. Forum Verlag Godesberg.
Elliott, E. M. (2011). Security with care: Restorative justice and healthy societies. Fernwood Publishing.
Fatwa, A. M. (2010). Pancasila Karya Bersama Milik Bangsa: Bukan Hak Paten Suatu Golongan. The Fatwa Center.
Gavrielides, T. (2019). The Wind of Change: Comparative Lessons for restorative justice in South Africa & the UK. RJ4All Publications.
GmbH., D. G. für I. Z. (GIZ). (2013). Promising Practices. Justice Reform: Improving the Situation of Overcrowding in Prisons in Bangladesh. Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development.
Gunarto, M. P. (2012). Asas Keseimbangan dalam Konsep Rancangan Undang-Undang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana. Jurnal Mimbar Hukum, 24(1), 83–97. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22146/jmh.16143
Han, S., Valdovinos Olson, M., & Davis, R. C. (2021). Reducing recidivism through restorative justice: An evaluation of Bridges to Life in Dallas. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 60(7), 444–463. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10509674.2021.1966156
Hartono, S. (2006). Bhineka Tunggal Ika Sebagai Asas Hukum bagi Pembangunan Hukum Nasional. Citra Aditya Bakti.
Harun, M. (2019). Philosophical Study of Hans Kelsen’s Thoughts on Law and Satjipto Rahardjo’s Ideas on Progressive Law. Walisongo Law Review (Walrev), 1(2), 195–220.
Hübschle, A., Dore, A., & Davies-Mostert, H. (2021). Focus on victims and the community: Applying restorative justice principles to wildlife crime offences in South Africa. The International Journal of Restorative Justice, 4(1), 141–150. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5553/TIJRJ.000068
Johnstone, G., & Ness, D. W. V. (2007). Handbook on Restorative Justice. Willan Publishing.
Julyano, M., & Sulistyawan, A. Y. (2019). Pemahaman Terhadap Asas Kepastian Hukum Melalui Konstruksi Penalaran Positivisme Hukum. CREPIDO, 1(1), 13–22. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.14710/crepido.1.1.13-22
Kadish, S. (1995). Comment: The Folly of Overfederalization. Hastings Law Journal, 46(4). https://repository.uchastings.edu/hastings_law_journal/vol46/iss4/11
Kennedy, J. L. D., Tuliao, A. P., Flower, K. N., Tibbs, J. J., & McChargue, D. E. (2019). Long-Term Effectiveness of a Brief Restorative Justice Intervention. International Journal of Offender Therapy & Comparative Criminology, 63(1), 3–17.
Leonard, L. (2022). Can Restorative Justice Provide a Better Outcome for Participants and Society than the Courts? Laws, 11(14). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/laws11010014
Luna, E. (2012). Prosecutorial Decriminalization. Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, 102(3), 785–819.
McCold, P. (2020). Toward a holistic vision of restorative juvenile justice: A reply to the maximalist model. Contemporary Justice Review, 3(4), 357–414.
Miah, M. A. K., Akter, M., & Kamruzzaman, M. (2017). The Effectiveness of Restorative Justice Practice in Bangladesh: An Analysis. Humanities and Social Sciences, 5(5), 176–183. https://doi.org/. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hss.20170505.13
Moeljatno. (2008). Asas-Asas Hukum Pidana. Rineka Cipta.
Mohammad, T., Mohd Ramli, R., & Anderstone, B. (2021). Situating restorative justice in novel jurisdictions: Considerations from the Malaysian experience. Contemporary Justice Review, 24(1), 85–106.
Murhula, P. B. B., & Tolla, A. D. (2021). The Effectiveness of Restorative Justice Practices on Victims of Crime: Evidence from South Africa. International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy, 10(1), 98–110. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.1511
Mustikowati, E., Akub, S., & Muchtar, S. (2014). Penyelesaian Perkara Pidana di Luar Pengadilan Tentang Keadilan Restoratif di Kepolisian Resort Banggai. Analisis, 3(2), 82–89.
Nasution, N. P. A., Jubair, J., & Wahid, A. (2022). The Restorative Justice: Ideality, Reality, and Problems in The Indonesia Criminal Justice System. Rechtsidee, 11(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21070/jihr.v11i0.775
Pardede, M. (2017). Aspek Hukum Kebijakan Penyuluhan Hukum Dalam Rangka Pelaksanaan Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak (The Legal Aspect of Legal Capacity Building in The Juvenile Criminal Justice System). Jurnal Penelitian Hukum: DE JURE, 17(1), 13–28.
Rahman, M., & Khan, B. (2009). Local Government Level Restorative Adjudication: An Alternative Model of Justice for Children in Bangladesh. Commonwealth Journal of Local Governance, 4. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5130/cjlg.v0i4.1349
Robertson, L. (2016). Reconstructing restorative justice philosophy. Restorative Justice, 4(2), 280–283.
Roelofs, K., & Wouters, M. (2016). A plea for diversity in restorative justice: The fundamental need of freedom of choice for victims and offenders. Community Building and Restorative Justice. Presented at the 9th International Conference of the European Forum for RJ, Leiden. Leiden University.
Satria, H. (2018). Restorative Justice: Paradigma Baru Peradilan Pidana. Jurnal Media Hukum, 25(1), 111–123. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.18196/jmh.2018.0107.111-123
Satriadi, S. (2022). Restorative Justice the Limitations of Authority of Police and Prosecutors in the Criminal Justice System. Al-Bayyinah, 6(1), 11–21. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35673/al-bayyinah.v6i1.2594
Shirley, B. (2020). A System of Extrems. America, 223(2), 18–25.
Shoham, S. G., Beck, O., & Kett, M. (2007). Restorative Justice: An Alternative for Responding to Crime? In International Handbook of Penology and Criminal Justice. Routledge.
Skelton, A. (2013). The South African Constitutional Court’s restorative justice jurisprudence. Restorative Justice, 1(1), 122–145. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5235/20504721.1.1.122
Sliva, S. M., Porter-Merrill, E. H., & Lee, P. (2019). Fulfilling the Aspirations of Restorative Justice in the Criminal System? The Case of Colorado. Kansas Journal of Law & Public Policy, 28(3), 456–504.
Soulou, K. (2020). A brief European overview of restorative justice (RJ) in criminal cases: Current developments and challenges. Pro Justitia, 3(3). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.26262/pj.v3i3.7823
Stauffer, C. (2017). Restorative justice, reconciliation and peacebuilding. Restorative Justice, 5(3), 501–504.
Suhariyanto, B., Mulyadi, L., & Hakim, M. R. (2021). Kajian Restorative Justice: Dari Perspektif Filosofis, Normatif, Praktik, dan Persepsi Hakim. Kencana.
Tamim, M. (2016). Prisoner’s Right in Bangladesh: Laws, Reality and Solutions. Bangladesh Journal of Legal Studies, 5(1).
Thorburn, M. (2007). The Impossible Dreams and Modest Reality of Restorative Justice. Queen’s Law Journal, 30(2), 863–938.
Trevethan, S., Crutcher, N., & Rastin, C. (2022). An examination of healing lodges for federal offenders in Canada. Correctional Service Canada.
Wahid, A. (2021). Restorative Justice Arrangements in the Indonesian Criminal Justice System: A Contribution of Thoughts. Rechtsidee, 8. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21070/jihr.v8i0.778
Weitekamp, E., Parmentier, S., Vanspauwen, K., Valiñas, M., & Gerits, R. (2006). How to deal with mass victimization and gross human rights violations. A restorative justice approach. In Large scale victimisation as a potential source of terrorist activities (Vol. 13). IOS Press.
Wiratny, N. K. (2018). Prinsip Kepentingan Terbaik Bagi Anak Dalam Diversi Pada Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak. Raad Kertha, 1(1), 61–78.
Wood, W. R., & Suzuki, M. (2016). Four Challenges in the Future of Restorative Justice. Victims & Offenders, 11(1).
Zarkasi, M., Azisa, N., & Haeranah, H. (2022). Implications of Renewal System of Criminal Justice Based on the Principles of Restorative Justice on The Role of Probation and Parole Officer. Khazanah Hukum, 4, 29–44. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15575/kh.v4i1.17354
Zehr, H. (2016). The Little Book of Restorative Justice. Langara College.
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2023-07-10
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Jamaludin, A., & Saputra, D. D. (2023). UNIFIKASI REGULASI KEADILAN RESTORATIF MELALUI SISTEM PERADILAN PIDANA INDONESIA. Legal Standing : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 7(2), 417–435. https://doi.org/10.24269/ls.v7i2.7315
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