The Role of Islamic Boarding School Education in Character Formation (Perspective of Islamic Psychology)

Islamic boarding school is a traditional school that focuses on Islamic education and is usually founded by a kyai or cleric. At the Islamic boarding school, students study Islam, Arabic, interpretation of the Qur'an, hadith, jurisprudence, morals, and various other sciences. In this study, researchers used literature research methods. A literature research method is an approach used to collect and analyze information from published related sources, such as journals, books, reports, and other documents. The aim is to obtain an overview of the topic under study and obtain the required information. In this research, we will discuss further: Islamic values in character building, the role of Islamic boarding school education in character building, and the role of Islamic boarding school education in character building (Islamic psychology perspective)


The Role of Islamic Boarding School Education in Character Formation (Perspective of Islamic Psychology)
1.a Adama Sheriff Jallow

INTRODUCTION
Islamic boarding school is a traditional school that focuses on Islamic education and is usually founded by a kyai or cleric. The word "Islamic boarding school" comes from the Javanese language which means "place where the students live". Santri is a student who stays at the Islamic boarding school to study and interact with the clerics and their fellow santri (Harahap & Zainuddin, 2023).
At the Islamic boarding school, students study Islam, Arabic, interpretation of the Qur'an, hadith, jurisprudence, morals, and various other sciences. In addition, students also have other activities such as socializing and exercising (Mansir, 2021).
Islamic boarding schools have played an important role in Indonesian history and culture and continue to serve as educational institutions that uphold traditional and spiritual values. Many important figures in Indonesian history were alumni of Islamic boarding schools, such as Ahmad Dahlan, Soekarno, and Gus Dur (Roqib, 2021). The history of Islamic boarding school education can be said to have started since the reign of the Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms in the archipelago. At that time, there was an educational institution called "gurukula" which focused on religious and scientific education. After the emergence of Islam in the archipelago, this gurukula turned into an Islamic educational institution called an Islamic boarding school. Islamic boarding schools first appeared in the 15th century and developed rapidly along with the development of Islam in the archipelago (Fauzan & Rohmadi, 2021).
During the Dutch colonial period, Islamic boarding schools experienced obstacles and conspiracies, but they continued to develop and played an important role in the struggle for Indonesian independence. After Indonesia's independence, Islamic boarding schools continued to develop and become one of the educational institutions that uphold Islamic values and local culture (Barton et al., 2021).
Until now, Islamic boarding schools have survived and played a role as an important Islamic educational institution in Indonesia, even though they have to compete with modern educational institutions. Many Islamic boarding schools have adapted to technological developments and opened educational programs that are in line with the demands of the times (Misbah et al., 2019).
Apart from being Islamic educational institutions, boarding schools are also required to be institutions that shape the character of their students. Character building is the process of forming and developing one's traits and behavior so that one has good character and meets the moral and ethical standards accepted by society. The main purpose of character building is to make a person an individual who is responsible, honest, tolerant, and has high integrity (Azmi et al., 2022).
Islamic psychology, emphasizes the importance of character building from an early age so that individuals can become healthy and balanced individuals, both spiritually and academically. In Islamic boarding schools, character building can be done through various activities such as recitation, social activities, and others that aim to shape one's character (Mujahid, 2021).
By paying attention to the perspective of Islamic psychology, Islamic boarding schools can become educational institutions that are effective in shaping individual character, preparing them to live as qualified and responsible individuals, and equipping them with values and teachings accepted in Islam (M. Hasanah, 2021). Therefore, it is expected that Islamic boarding schools as centers of Islamic education are expected to be able to shape and develop a person's behavior and characteristics based on Islamic values and teachings. Therefore the researcher wants to discuss "The Role of Islamic Boarding School Education in Character Building (Islamic Psychological Perspective)."

METHOD
In this study, researchers used the literature research method. A literature research method is an approach used to collect and analyze information from published related sources, such as journals, books, reports, and other documents. The aim is to obtain an overview of the topic under study and obtain the required information. In this method, the researcher searches and selects relevant literature sources and then analyzes and interprets the information obtained to obtain an overview of the topic (Sileyew, 2019)

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The Values of Islamic Teachings in Character Formation
The values of Islamic teachings play an important role in character building. Islam is a religion that has a holistic view of life and many teachings related to character building (Dewi et al., 2021). In Islam, several values and teachings are very important and shared by all Muslims. The following are Islamic values and teachings in character building: First, the value of faith. The value of faith is the basis of all values and teachings in Islam. Muslims must have strong and stable beliefs about God, His Messenger, and religious teachings. This strong and stable belief will help shape good character and be following Islamic teachings (Сафиназаров, 2020).
Second, the value of resignation. The value of tawakkal is the belief that everything that happens in this world is destiny from God and should be accepted with grace and patience. By having this tawakkal value, a person will have a stable character and not be easily affected by existing conditions and environment (Aziz, n.d.).
Third, the value of patience. The value of patience is a person's ability to be calm and not easily frustrated in facing various problems and challenges in life. Patience is a very important value in character building because by being patient a person will have a strong character and not be easily affected by the pressures of life (Kuswaya & Ma'mun, 2020).
Fourth, the value of piety. The value of taqwa is vigilance against actions that harm oneself and others and is an action that is following religious teachings. By having the value of taqwa, a person will have good moral character, and will not be easily influenced by the temptations of the world (Bensaid & Machouche, 2019).
Fifth, is the value of kindness. The value of Ihsan is good actions and doing good to others, and doing everything well and perfectly as if seeing God. By having the value of Ihsan, a person will have good character and high concern for others (Hoxha & Darussalam, n.d.).
Sixth, the value of tolerance. The value of tolerance is a person's ability to accept the different views and beliefs of others. In Islam, tolerance is highly valued and it is recommended to communicate and interact well with anyone, without exception. By having a tolerance value, a person will have a tolerant character and a polite and respectful attitude toward others (Nugroho, 2019).
Thus, Islamic values and teachings play an important role in the formation of one's character. Each value and teaching has a different role and function in forming good character and following Islamic teachings. Therefore, all Muslims should understand and apply Islamic values and teachings in daily life to form good followers following Islamic teachings.

The Role of Islamic Boarding School Education in Character Formation
Islamic boarding school education plays an important role in the formation of character for the students. Islamic boarding schools are educational institutions that have a long tradition and history in shaping the character of students. In Islamic boarding school education, several factors influence the formation of the character of the students. The following is the role of Islamic boarding school education in character building: First, is the environment. The Islamic boarding school environment greatly influences the formation of the character of the santri. An environment that is conducive and has a peaceful atmosphere will help shape the good and stable character of the students. Conversely, a less conducive environment will affect the character of the students and make them easily influenced by the existing environment (Ihsan et al., 2021).
Second, teaching. Teaching received by students in Islamic boarding schools also influences character formation. Quality teaching following Islamic teachings will help shape the character of students who are good and following Islamic teachings. Therefore, Islamic boarding school education must ensure that the teaching received by students is following Islamic teachings and is of good quality (Purwanto et al., 2021) Third, mentoring. Guidance from teachers and kyai also plays an important role in building the character of the students. Teachers and kyai must provide good guidance and assist students in understanding and applying Islamic values and teachings in everyday life. Thus, guidance from the teacher and kyai greatly influences the formation of the character of the santri (Fitriyah, 2019).
Fourth, religious activities. Religious activities also play an important role in the formation of the character of the santri. Religious activities such as prayer, fasting, and others can help shape the character of the students by increasing their spirituality and understanding of Islamic values and teachings. Religious activities can also help students to build a sense of piety and responsibility towards God. Religious activities can also help shape the character of students by increasing love and tolerance toward others (Royani, 2021).
Fifth, extracurricular programs. Extracurricular programs also play an important role in building the character of the students. Extracurricular programs such as sports, social activities, and others can help shape the character of the students by increasing their abilities and skills of the students. Extracurricular programs can also help students to develop leadership, teamwork, and other good qualities (Achdiyaradzan et al., 2022).
Sixth, monitoring and evaluation. Islamic boarding school education must ensure that the character formation of students goes well through monitoring and evaluation. This monitoring and evaluation can help Islamic boarding schools to improve and increase the quality of character building for students. Monitoring and evaluation can also help Islamic boarding schools to find out the strengths and weaknesses in building the character of students (Arifah et al., 2019).
Thus, Islamic Boarding School Education plays an important role in the formation of the character of the students. Islamic boarding school education must ensure that students have strong and stable Islamic values and teachings. Islamic boarding school education must also ensure that students have good skills and abilities as well as have good and stable character. Therefore, Islamic boarding school education must continue to strive to improve the quality of character formation of students so that students can become leaders and reformers for society in the future.

The Role of Islamic Boarding School Education in Character Formation (Perspective of Islamic Psychology)
From the perspective of Islamic psychology, Islamic boarding school education has several important roles in character building, as follows: First, Islamic boarding school education plays an important role in character-building through spiritual and soul education. From the perspective of Islamic psychology, character formation is strongly influenced by individual beliefs and beliefs in God and religious teachings. Therefore, boarding school education must ensure that students have a strong and stable spiritual and spiritual education (Khaidir & Suud, 2020).
Second, Islamic boarding school education must ensure that students have strong and stable Islamic values and teachings. From the perspective of Islamic psychology, Islamic values , and teachings play an important role in the formation of individual character. Strong and stable Islamic values and teachings can help students to have good and stable character (Amzat, 2022).
Third, Islamic boarding school education must ensure that students have good skills and abilities. From the perspective of Islamic psychology, good skills and abilities can help students to have good and stable character. Good skills and abilities can also help students understand and practice Islamic values and teachings well (Abdulkarim & Suud, 2020).
Fourth, Islamic boarding school education must ensure that students have good socialization and interaction with their surroundings. From the perspective of Islamic psychology, good socialization, and interaction can help students to have good and stable character. Good socialization and interaction can also help students to understand and respect each other (Anggadwita et al., 2021).
Fifth, Islamic boarding school education must ensure that students have high motivation to learn and develop. From the perspective of Islamic psychology, high motivation to learn and develop can help students to have good and stable character. High motivation can also help students understand and practice Islamic values and teachings well (Akmaliyah et al., 2021) Sixth, Islamic boarding school education must ensure that students have positive interests and hobbies. From the perspective of Islamic psychology, positive interests, and hobbies can help students to have a stable character. Positive interests and hobbies can help students to deal with pressure and stress, and build confidence and self-confidence (Sugiharto et al., 2020).
Seventh, Islamic boarding school education must ensure that students have a good understanding and self-concept. From the perspective of Islamic psychology, good understanding and self-concept can help students to have good and stable character. Good understanding and self-concept can also help students understand and practice Islamic values and teachings well (Ismail et al., 2022) eighth, Islamic boarding school education must ensure that students have an understanding and acceptance of differences and diversity. From the perspective of Islamic psychology, understanding and acceptance of differences and diversity can help students to have good and stable character (Latif & Hafid, 2021). Understanding and acceptance of differences and diversity can also help students to understand and respect each other (Zakariyah et al., 2022).
Thus, Islamic boarding school education plays an important role in character-building through the spiritual, mental, and intellectual education of the students. Islamic boarding school education must ensure that students have strong and stable Islamic values and teachings, as well as have good skills and abilities, good socialization and interaction, high motivation, positive interests and hobbies, good understanding and selfconcept, and understanding and acceptance of differences and diversity.

CONCLUSION
In Islam, several values and teachings are very important and shared by all Muslims, including the value of faith, the value of resignation, the value of patience, the value of taqwa, the value of Ihsan, and the value of tolerance. In Islamic boarding school education, several factors influence the formation of the character of students, including environmental factors, teaching factors, mentoring factors, religious activity factors, extracurricular program factors, and monitoring and evaluation factors. Therefore, Islamic boarding school education aims to improve the quality of character formation for students so that students can become leaders and reformers for society in the future.
From the perspective of Islamic psychology, Islamic boarding school education has several important roles for character building, including character building through spiritual and soul education, an Islamic boarding school education must ensure that students have strong and stable Islamic values and teachings, in addition, Islamic boarding school education must be able to create students who have good skills and abilities, students can socialize and interact well with their surroundings, students have high motivation to learn and develop, students have positive interests and hobbies, students have a good understanding and selfconcept, students have an understanding and acceptance of differences and diversity. Thus, Islamic boarding school education plays an important role in character-building through the spiritual, mental, and intellectual education of the students.