THE EFFECT OF FEATURE VIDEO ON THE ABILITY OF PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS TO APPRECIATE INDONESIAN TRADITIONAL ARTS

This paper is the research result that aimed to determine the effect of video-feature learning media on the ability of pre-service elementary school teachers to appreciate Indonesian traditional arts. The research method used was true experiment with a between-subject design (two experiment control group design). The population of this study was 600 students of elementary school teacher education at a university in Surakarta with a sample of 120 students assigned to the experimental and control groups. The sampling technique used was random sampling. The instrument validity used content validity and construct validity to test the validity of test instruments and media. The data were collected using tests and interviews. They were then analysed using t-test with SPSS 16 for windows. The results of the study showed that there is a difference in the ability to appreciate arts between the students in the control and experimental groups. This can be seen from the mean pre-test score of the experimental class of 13.727 which experienced an increase from the initial test (pre-test) of 10.045. On one hand, the mean post-test score of control class was 9.909 which experienced a slight increase from the mean of the initial test (pre-test) of 9.818. The conclusion of this study is that the video-feature media influences the ability of the preservice teachers of elementary school teacher education program. © 2018 Muhammadiyah University of Ponorogo  Correspondence Address: E-mail: Karsono80@staff.uns.ac.id ISSN 2579-7255 (Print) ISSN 2524-004X (Online) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24269/jin.v3n3.2018.pp191-211 Karsono, J.Daryanto, Rukayah. The Effect Of Feature Video On The Ability Of Pre-Service Teachers To Appreciate Indonesian Traditional Arts. Jurnal Indria Volume III, No 3, Desember 2018 192 INTRODUCTION In the contents of the curriculum for elementary school education from time to time, even up to the 2013 curriculum, art education is still considered important. This is evidenced by the existence of the arteducation material in every curriculum change. Art-education materials in the elementary school are in one package of subjects named Cultural Arts and Skills or often abbreviated as SBK. It means that there is awareness that the actual content of art education has important values in line with the other subject matters to support the achievement of holistic children's education goals, namely the development of personal and social competencies. Based on the results of a standard document review of the contents of elementary school education, both the 2006 school-based curriculum and the revised 2013 integrated thematic curriculum, art-education materials in elementary school specifically consist of several concentrations of fields such as the arts, music, dance, literary arts, and performing arts (Permendikbud No. 64/2013 & Permendikbud No. 21/2016). Since a long time ago, the ideal design at the curriculum level has still left implementation problems in the field, especially from the perspective of material delivery. The fact that occurs in the field, art-education materials in elementary schools are not taught by teachers who indeed have an educational background from one of the art fields. This fact is not comparable, for example with physical education in the elementary school taught by special teachers. In elementary school, art education is generally taught by the class teacher whose competence from college is constructed to teach various subjects. The aim of art education in elementary school is not only to develop the aspects of art skills, but also to integrate aspects of art into the daily lives of students. The aim is in line with the view of Campbell, Kassner, and Kassner (2010: 3-13) which formulates the opinion that art education for children should lead to three estuaries, namely the formation of mental attitude aspects, strengthening the aspects of thought, and mastering art skills. Hence, it's not just developing art skills but also forming characters. From this, it can be seen that art education in elementary schools actually has a Karsono, J.Daryanto, Rukayah. The Effect Of Feature Video On The Ability Of Pre-Service Teachers To Appreciate Indonesian Traditional Arts. Jurnal Indria Volume III, No 3, Desember 2018 193 strategic potential and position to contribute to children's character education. One form of character education through art education is the growing attitude of loving the country. This attitude can be fostered through the art-appreciation-education material that introduces the diversity of traditional arts in the archipelago. In fact, there are many kinds of traditional arts in the archipelago that need to be introduced to students in elementary school. If observed, the Indonesian archipelago or often called Nusantara has approximately 500 ethnic groups that inhabit "only" 3,000 islands out of about 17,000 islands owned by Indonesia (Suanda, 2000: 2). If only each ethnic group had just one or two traditional arts, then the number of traditional arts would be very large with diverse expressions. The wealth of Indonesian traditional culture, of course, is a socio-cultural capital that is important for the strategy to build the country's progress in the future. Unfortunately, the variety of traditional arts seems forgotten by the younger generation. Young people who are generally at school age, from elementary to high schools, do not get information as much and as diverse as Indonesian traditional arts. Even Suharni (2015) explained the current reality that school-age children are an "easy target" for the cultural colonization process. In this case, the most dominant is westernisation. The process of westernisation in the field of cultures can be seen from the tendency to strengthen the influence of western culture in all aspects, from lifestyles to arts. The culture of the music industry, for example, with capitalism and liberalism has alienated the young generation of Indonesia from the love of traditional Indonesian music. The trend of K-Pop music, or Korean Popular, has become very intense in today's young community. Likewise in the fields of dance, fine arts, literary arts, dress, film, and so on, the reality is not very different. The reality of the cultural marginalization of the archipelago tradition in the realm of industry is of course "somewhat" understandable because it involves capital, power, lifestyle, and uniformity of tastes. However, what should be watched carefully and even confronted immediately, of Karsono, J.Daryanto, Rukayah. The Effect Of Feature Video On The Ability Of Pre-Service Teachers To Appreciate Indonesian Traditional Arts. Jurnal Indria Volume III, No 3, Desember 2018 194 course, is the westernisation in the field of education. The process of division in the field of education can be seen for example in the content of art education material from elementary to high school. There are still a lot of materials that make western cultures the main material and not as a reference. For example, in the education of music arts from kindergartens to universities, the dominance of the use of western music and its diatonic scales is very strong. It is inversely proportional to the introduction of music and traditional arts that are so minimal. It is also the same in the field of performing arts, literature, fine arts, and dance. The problem of "westernisation" in the content of art in the world of education should be immediately challenged by collecting materials from the archipelago as much as possible to be disseminated to students at every level, including of course at the college level. This dissemination becomes strategic when it is linked to the learning situation of arts in elementary schools that still need improvement. One alternative improvement is to prepare elementary school teacher candidates who are studying at the PGSD (elementary school teacher education) study program to get to know and understand a variety of cultural diversity, especially the archipelago traditional arts. So far, the constraints of the dissemination of traditional arts to the younger generation, including elementary school teachers and preservice teachers are in terms of disconnection of information and limited information on archipelago traditional arts. It must be admitted that products related to the archipelago's traditional arts do not promise large financial benefits, including information media products. This is why capital owners are rarely willing to invest funds to produce archipelago traditional art information media packaging. From this process, finally the richness of the archipelago's traditional arts and their various aesthetic, ethical, and moral values gradually disappeared and became extinct, and are no longer recognized by their future generations. Even in an appreciation test of knowing various archipelago musical instruments for PGSD students of the faculty of teacher Karsono, J.Daryanto, Rukayah. The Effect Of Feature Video On The Ability Of Pre-Service Teachers To Appreciate Indonesian Traditional Arts. Jurnal Indria Volume III, No 3, Desember 2018 195 training and education in UNS Surakarta, it was found the fact that out of 120 students only 25% of them were able to properly mention 15 various Indonesian musical instruments and their origins. The rest were only able to mention fewer than 15 various Indonesian musical instruments, with some errors in mentioning their origins. This condition may make the initial representation that students as younger generation and successors of elementary education are less familiar and less appreciative of the arts and cultural products of the archipelago. In fact, if we look closely in the future when they have to teach arts in elementary schools, there are a lot of art learning contents related to the culture of the archipelago. If appreciative skills and the expansion of the archipelago art insight are not improved, 


Results
The implementation of this research activity began with the try out, pre-test, treatment, and post-test.
In the try out, 80 items about the knowledge of art appreciation that would be used for the pre-test and post-test of the experimental group and the control group were obtained.
After the try out was done, the 80 abbreviated as SBK.It means that there is awareness that the actual content of art education has important values in line with the other subject matters to support the achievement of holistic children's education goals, namely the development of personal and social competencies.Based on the results of a standard document review of the contents of elementary school education, both the 2006 school-based curriculum and the revised 2013 integrated thematic curriculum, art-education materials in elementary school specifically consist of several concentrations of fields such as the arts, music, dance, literary arts, and performing arts (Permendikbud No. 64/2013 & Permendikbud No. 21/2016).Since a long time ago, the ideal design at the figure of instructor or teacher or presenter in the show.In a more specific topic, the research on the use of video especially in the education of preservice teachers has been widely done.Even, Gaudin and Chalies were sorted into 2 sets of testitems to be used for the pre-test and post-test.After the pre-test, the content of the video.After the discussion and reflection, post-test was conducted.After carrying out the pre-test, the implementation of treatment, and the post-test, data processing using SPSS 16 for windows was carried out.Prerequisite tests were carried out by using normality and homogeneity tests.The following is the analysis of the data of treatment results: Data Normality Test

Feature-video packaging
by using presenters who are the same age as the students makes the video more "alive" and interesting.The closeness between feature videos and viewers (students) is built because of the proximity of the narrator's age.In addition, it was also constructed with the typical greeting "Hello Sahabat Nusantara ...!" The word "Sahabat (best friend)" show the figure of instructor/teacher/presenter as the featured video in this study.The research results of the Archipelago Art Video Feature are also in line with the results of a survey by Christ, Arya, and Chiu regarding the practice of video use in the education of preservice teachers in several countries.The results of the research show that the use of video in the education of pre-service teachers has an ones.However, in the future it is necessary to conduct further research, which focuses on the affective aspects of the students when accessing or using video as a learning resource.Further research is important to map whether students feel pleasure or enjoyment when studying with video compared to other media.The follow-up research also serves to retest the results of Wang & Antonenko's (2017) study of the powerful effects of videos in attracting students' attention and presenting learning satisfaction.In addition, further research on the ideal video content used in learning and the duration of access to the video during learning also becomes an interesting issue to be studied in the future.The results of the research on the feature video of Indonesian traditional art can certainly be a reference for the implementation of art appreciation learning in Indonesia, especially in universities.Feature video media can be a means to provide information about traditional arts along with their wealth of meaning to the younger generation.However, the challenge that needs to be answered in the future is the difficulty of documenting a wide variety of unique Indonesian traditional arts from various regions.This difficulty happened in the feature video production in this research.Due to the various limitations, this research finally produced only 2 featured-video prototypes with the theme of Javanese Gamelan and Banyumas Bamboo Music.The vastness of Indonesia's territory and the diversity of ethnics, arts, and cultures are the challenge in creating a learning media of art appreciation in the form of video.Based on the findings and challenges going forward, the research on Indonesian traditional art can be further enhanced, especially in the effort to introduce the richness of forms, expressions, and meanings of arts to the younger generation, general students, pre-service teachers, and society in general.

Table 1
Based on the analysis test of pre-test and post-test of both groups, it was found that the data were normally distributed because p > 0.05

Test and Post-Test Results of the Groups
The followings

Table 4 .
The Results of Independent Sample t-Test