Pengaruh Variasi Susunan Laminat Komposit Hybrid Serat Karbon-Serat Rami Bermatriks Epoxy Terhadap Ketangguhan Impak

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Permintaan material yang tangguh namun ringan dengan biaya yang rendah terus meningkat seiring berkembangnya teknologi. Diharapkan komposit hybrid dengan susunan serat alam dan serat sintetis dapat menjadi solusi dan menciptakan kombinasi yang baik serta lebih ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang pengaruh variasi susunan laminat komposit hybrid berpenguat serat karbon dan serat rami bermatriks epoksi terhadap ketangguhan impak. Uji dilakukan uji impak menggunakan standar ASTM D6110, dan analisis foto makro. Komposit dibuat menggunakan metode hand lay-up. Variasi komposisi yang diuji adalah Rami-Karbon-Rami-Rami, Karbon-Rami-Karbon-Rami, dan Karbon-Rami-Karbon-Karbon. Serat rami diberi perlakuan alkali dengan direndam dalam larutan NaOH 5% selama 3 jam. Hasil menunjukan bahwa variasi Karbon-Rami-Karbon-Rami memiliki nilai ketangguhan impak tertinggi dibanding variasi lain dengan rata-rata sebesar 0.13230 J/mm². Hasil analisis foto makro pada permukaan patahan uji impak menunjukkan adanya void, fiber pull out, dan matrix rich. Void terjadi akibat udara yang terjebak didalam spesimen, fiber pull out terjadi karena resin dan serat tidak mengikat dengan sempurna, dan matrix rich terjadi karena resin terkonsentrasi di area tertentu, menyebabkan gumpalan di area tersebut.

Kata Kunci: Komposit Hybrid, matriks epoxy, metode hand lay up, uji impak, foto makro.

ABSTRACT

The demand for strong yet lightweight materials at low cost continues to increase as technology advances. It is hoped that hybrid composites with a combination of natural and synthetic fibers can be a solution and create a good combination that is also more environmentally friendly. This study examines the effect of variations in the composition of hybrid composite laminates reinforced with carbon fiber and hemp fiber with an epoxy matrix on impact strength. Impact tests were conducted using the ASTM D6110 standard and macro photo analysis. The composites were made using the hand lay-up method. The composition variations tested were Hemp-Carbon-Hemp-Hemp, Carbon-Hemp-Carbon-Hemp, and Carbon-Hemp-Carbon-Carbon. The flax fibers were treated with alkali by soaking them in a 5% NaOH solution for 3 hours. The results showed that the Carbon-Flax-Carbon-Flax variation had the highest impact toughness value compared to other variations, with an average of 0.13230 J/mm². Macro photo analysis of the impact test fracture surface showed the presence of voids, fiber pull-out, and matrix rich areas. Voids occur due to air trapped inside the specimen, fiber pull-out occurs because the resin and fibers do not bond perfectly, and matrix rich occurs because the resin is concentrated in certain areas, causing clumps in those areas.

Keywords: Hybrid composites, epoxy matrix, hand lay-up method, impact testing, macro photography.